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News_Naija
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News_Naija
Even If Seyi Tinubu Is Appointed INEC Chair, APC Will Lose In 2027 Dalung
~1.0 mins read
A former Minister of Youth and Sports Development, Solomon Dalung, has declared that regardless of any strategic appointments or political manoeuvres, President Bola Tinubu and the All Progressives Congress will face defeat in the 2027 general elections. Speaking on News Central on Friday, Dalung dismissed the potential impact of defections or appointments made by the president, asserting that the will of the people would prevail. “Even if the 36 state governors defect to the APC and he appoints Seyi Tinubu as the chairman of INEC, and maybe he appoints his wife as the Chief Justice of Nigeria, and even if INEC becomes the last institution to decamp to the APC, they are going to be defeated in 2027,” Dalung said. He accused the Tinubu-led administration of declaring war on the Nigerian people, citing worsening living conditions and what he described as state-backed injustice. “Nigerians should buckle up for 2027 because the battle line has been drawn by the government of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu. The government has weaponised poverty, hunger, and hardship and has popularised corruption, impunity, and injustice,” he stated. Dalung called on Nigerians to align with the emerging political coalition seeking to challenge the current administration in the next election cycle. “The only option we have now is to align with the coalition movement to reposition ourselves and confront the government in 2027,” he added.
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Healthwatch
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Healthwatch
How Is Metastatic Prostate Cancer Detected And Treated In Men Over 70?
~5.5 mins read
Questions and answers about the specifics of diagnosing and treating older men whose cancer has metastasized.
National guidelines on prostate cancer screening with the PSA test are set by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). This independent panel of experts in preventive and primary care recommends against screening for prostate cancer in men older than 70.
Why? Prostate cancer tends to be slow-growing. Men in this age group are more likely to die with the disease rather than from it. And in the view of the USPSTF, survival benefits from treating PSA-detected prostate cancer in older men are unlikely to outweigh the harms of treatment.
Still, that leaves open the possibility that men could be screened for prostate cancer only after their disease has advanced to symptomatic stages. For a perspective on PSA screening and advanced prostate cancer treatment in older men, we spoke with Dr. Marc B. Garnick, the Gorman Brothers Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and editor in chief of the Harvard Medical School Guide to Prostate Diseases.
Q. How often should men over the age of 70 be screened for prostate cancer?
Such testing is performed outside of guidelines, and generally following a discussion with the patient’s physician. It's not unusual for us to find advanced metastatic prostate cancer in older men flagged by a PSA test. The disease might spread asymptomatically, but some men get a PSA test only after they have advanced prostate cancer symptoms such as trouble urinating, fatigue, or bone pain.
The USPSTF's PSA screening guidelines are long overdue for an update — they were last published in 2018. And with life expectancy increasing overall for men over 70, we are all anxiously awaiting the new guidelines, which are generally updated every six years.
Q. What sort of other tests follow after a positive result with PSA screening?
Typically, a prostate needle biopsy. And I also recommend a digital rectal exam (DRE) to feel for any abnormalities in the prostate gland. President Biden was having urinary symptoms at the time of his PSA test, and he was reported to have had a nodule noted on his DRE. We do not know what his PSA score was.
Recently, we've been moving toward magnetic resonance imaging scans of the prostate that provide more diagnostic information, and can serve as a guide to more precisely identify abnormalities in the prostate gland that we can sample with a biopsy.
Q. How do we know if the cancer is likely to spread aggressively?
The more aggressive tumors have cells with irregular shapes and sizes that can invade into adjoining tissues. A time-honored measure called the Gleason score grades the two most common cancer cell patterns that pathologists see on a biopsy sample.
That system has now undergone some labelling changes. To simplify matters, doctors developed a five-tier grading system that ranks tumors from Grade Group 1 — the least dangerous — to Grade Group 5, which is the most dangerous. These Grade Groups still correlate with Gleason scores. For instance, a Gleason score of 3+3=6 correlates with Grade Group 1 for low-risk prostate cancer, whereas a Gleason score of 4+5=9 for high-risk disease correlates with Grade Group 5.
We can also evaluate how fast cancer cells are dividing — this measure is called mitotic rate — or order genetic tests that provide additional information. We know that men who test positive for inherited BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are at risk for more aggressive disease, for instance. BRCA test results also have implications for family members, since the same mutations elevate risks for other inherited cancers including breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
Q. How do you know if the cancer is metastasizing?
Traditionally, patients would get a computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis along with a bone scan. These tests look for metastases in the lymph nodes and bones, but they are increasingly outdated. These days, doctors are more likely to scan for a protein called prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) that can be expressed at high levels on tumor cell surfaces.
A PSMA scan is much better at detecting prostate tumors in the body that are still too small to see with other imaging tests. If the scans show evidence of metastatic spread, we classify men as having either high- or low-volume disease depending on the extent. Men with no more than three to five metastases are described as having oligometastatic prostate cancer.
Q. What treatment options are available for metastatic prostate cancer?
We generally don't begin with a single drug. Men with low-volume metastatic prostate cancer typically get doublet therapy, which is a combination of two drugs that each starve tumors of testosterone, a hormone that prostate cancer needs to grow.
One of the drugs, called leoprolide (Lupron), blocks testosterone production. The other drugs are drawn from a class of medications that prevent testosterone from binding to its cell receptor. Those drugs are called androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs). They include enzalutamide (Xtandi), daralutamide (Nubeqa), apaludamide (Erleada), or another drug with a slightly different mechanism called abiraterone (Zytiga).
If the cancer progresses on doublet therapy, then we can add chemotherapy to the mix. This is called triplet therapy (Lupron + ARPI + chemotherapy). We may also recommend immediate triplet therapy depending upon the extent of the cancer spread.
Some men are eligible for other treatments as well. For instance, men with PSMA-positive disease (meaning their cells express the protein in high amounts) can be treated with an intravenously-delivered therapy called Lutetium-177. Known as a radioligand, this type of therapy seeks out PSMA-expressing cells and kills them with tiny radioactive particles.
Some men are eligible for metastasis-directed therapy (MTD). In such cases, we treat metastatic deposits with highly focused beams of radiation delivered from outside the body. MTD is generally reserved for patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer.
Q. What happens if a patient is positive on a genetic test for prostate cancer?
That opens up options for so-called targeted therapy — which is a term we use to describe treatments that target specific cell changes that cause tumors to grow. Patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, for instance, can start on doublet therapy plus a targeted therapy called a PARP inhibitor. Two PARP inhibitors are approved for prostate cancer in BRCA-positive men: olaparib (Lynparza) and rucaparib (Rubraca). Men with a different gene mutation called microsatellite instability are eligible for a targeted drug called pembrolizumab (Keytruda).
Q. How is the outlook for metastatic prostate cancer changing?
It's improving dramatically! Metastatic prostate cancer used to carry a very poor prognosis. Today, it's not unusual for men to live 10 years or longer with the disease. We're even starting to treat cancer in the prostate directly — something we didn't do in the past since the cancer had already spread beyond the prostate gland. More recent studies have shown improvements from delivering radiation to the prostate gland itself in patients with metastatic cancer. We're including these treatments more often now, which is something we wouldn't have considered before.
Q. Any final notes?
I would advise men to undergo a cardiac evaluation prior to starting on hormonal therapy. Hormonal therapies can exacerbate cardiovascular risk factors, so these should be addressed before and during treatment.
Thanks for your insights!
You're very welcome, glad to help.
profile/5170OIG3.jpeg.webp
Healthwatch
How Is Metastatic Prostate Cancer Detected And Treated In Men Over 70?
~5.5 mins read
Questions and answers about the specifics of diagnosing and treating older men whose cancer has metastasized.
National guidelines on prostate cancer screening with the PSA test are set by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). This independent panel of experts in preventive and primary care recommends against screening for prostate cancer in men older than 70.
Why? Prostate cancer tends to be slow-growing. Men in this age group are more likely to die with the disease rather than from it. And in the view of the USPSTF, survival benefits from treating PSA-detected prostate cancer in older men are unlikely to outweigh the harms of treatment.
Still, that leaves open the possibility that men could be screened for prostate cancer only after their disease has advanced to symptomatic stages. For a perspective on PSA screening and advanced prostate cancer treatment in older men, we spoke with Dr. Marc B. Garnick, the Gorman Brothers Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and editor in chief of the Harvard Medical School Guide to Prostate Diseases.
Q. How often should men over the age of 70 be screened for prostate cancer?
Such testing is performed outside of guidelines, and generally following a discussion with the patient’s physician. It's not unusual for us to find advanced metastatic prostate cancer in older men flagged by a PSA test. The disease might spread asymptomatically, but some men get a PSA test only after they have advanced prostate cancer symptoms such as trouble urinating, fatigue, or bone pain.
The USPSTF's PSA screening guidelines are long overdue for an update — they were last published in 2018. And with life expectancy increasing overall for men over 70, we are all anxiously awaiting the new guidelines, which are generally updated every six years.
Q. What sort of other tests follow after a positive result with PSA screening?
Typically, a prostate needle biopsy. And I also recommend a digital rectal exam (DRE) to feel for any abnormalities in the prostate gland. President Biden was having urinary symptoms at the time of his PSA test, and he was reported to have had a nodule noted on his DRE. We do not know what his PSA score was.
Recently, we've been moving toward magnetic resonance imaging scans of the prostate that provide more diagnostic information, and can serve as a guide to more precisely identify abnormalities in the prostate gland that we can sample with a biopsy.
Q. How do we know if the cancer is likely to spread aggressively?
The more aggressive tumors have cells with irregular shapes and sizes that can invade into adjoining tissues. A time-honored measure called the Gleason score grades the two most common cancer cell patterns that pathologists see on a biopsy sample.
That system has now undergone some labelling changes. To simplify matters, doctors developed a five-tier grading system that ranks tumors from Grade Group 1 — the least dangerous — to Grade Group 5, which is the most dangerous. These Grade Groups still correlate with Gleason scores. For instance, a Gleason score of 3+3=6 correlates with Grade Group 1 for low-risk prostate cancer, whereas a Gleason score of 4+5=9 for high-risk disease correlates with Grade Group 5.
We can also evaluate how fast cancer cells are dividing — this measure is called mitotic rate — or order genetic tests that provide additional information. We know that men who test positive for inherited BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are at risk for more aggressive disease, for instance. BRCA test results also have implications for family members, since the same mutations elevate risks for other inherited cancers including breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
Q. How do you know if the cancer is metastasizing?
Traditionally, patients would get a computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis along with a bone scan. These tests look for metastases in the lymph nodes and bones, but they are increasingly outdated. These days, doctors are more likely to scan for a protein called prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) that can be expressed at high levels on tumor cell surfaces.
A PSMA scan is much better at detecting prostate tumors in the body that are still too small to see with other imaging tests. If the scans show evidence of metastatic spread, we classify men as having either high- or low-volume disease depending on the extent. Men with no more than three to five metastases are described as having oligometastatic prostate cancer.
Q. What treatment options are available for metastatic prostate cancer?
We generally don't begin with a single drug. Men with low-volume metastatic prostate cancer typically get doublet therapy, which is a combination of two drugs that each starve tumors of testosterone, a hormone that prostate cancer needs to grow.
One of the drugs, called leoprolide (Lupron), blocks testosterone production. The other drugs are drawn from a class of medications that prevent testosterone from binding to its cell receptor. Those drugs are called androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs). They include enzalutamide (Xtandi), daralutamide (Nubeqa), apaludamide (Erleada), or another drug with a slightly different mechanism called abiraterone (Zytiga).
If the cancer progresses on doublet therapy, then we can add chemotherapy to the mix. This is called triplet therapy (Lupron + ARPI + chemotherapy). We may also recommend immediate triplet therapy depending upon the extent of the cancer spread.
Some men are eligible for other treatments as well. For instance, men with PSMA-positive disease (meaning their cells express the protein in high amounts) can be treated with an intravenously-delivered therapy called Lutetium-177. Known as a radioligand, this type of therapy seeks out PSMA-expressing cells and kills them with tiny radioactive particles.
Some men are eligible for metastasis-directed therapy (MTD). In such cases, we treat metastatic deposits with highly focused beams of radiation delivered from outside the body. MTD is generally reserved for patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer.
Q. What happens if a patient is positive on a genetic test for prostate cancer?
That opens up options for so-called targeted therapy — which is a term we use to describe treatments that target specific cell changes that cause tumors to grow. Patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, for instance, can start on doublet therapy plus a targeted therapy called a PARP inhibitor. Two PARP inhibitors are approved for prostate cancer in BRCA-positive men: olaparib (Lynparza) and rucaparib (Rubraca). Men with a different gene mutation called microsatellite instability are eligible for a targeted drug called pembrolizumab (Keytruda).
Q. How is the outlook for metastatic prostate cancer changing?
It's improving dramatically! Metastatic prostate cancer used to carry a very poor prognosis. Today, it's not unusual for men to live 10 years or longer with the disease. We're even starting to treat cancer in the prostate directly — something we didn't do in the past since the cancer had already spread beyond the prostate gland. More recent studies have shown improvements from delivering radiation to the prostate gland itself in patients with metastatic cancer. We're including these treatments more often now, which is something we wouldn't have considered before.
Q. Any final notes?
I would advise men to undergo a cardiac evaluation prior to starting on hormonal therapy. Hormonal therapies can exacerbate cardiovascular risk factors, so these should be addressed before and during treatment.
Thanks for your insights!
You're very welcome, glad to help.
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News_Naija
ADC Invites Zamfara Gov To Join Party
~1.0 mins read
The Zamfara State Chairman of the African Democratic Congress, Kabiru Garba, has invited the state governor, Dauda Lawal to leave the Peoples Democratic Party for his party. Addressing a press conference in Gusau, the state capital on Friday, Garba said no fewer than 100 political actors from different political parties in the state had so far joined the ADC. He said, “We want to extend a formal invitation to Gov. Dauda Lawal to join the party to bring more development to the state. “Doors are widely open to receive all defectors irrespective of their positions. “We want to assure everyone of our readiness to give both new and old members equal treatment for effective democratic process.” Garba attributed the resolution of some political figures in the state to join the party to the sterling leadership qualities demonstrated by ADC leaders through justice, fairness and equal opportunity to all members. “We have receive over 100 political actors from various political parties, and we are giving them orientation on the party doctrine to enable them know how to go about their political activities within the party constitution. “All intended defectors should come through their ward leadership before reaching local government, then state up to federal level. “We believe in recognising grassroots politics because that’s the best way to reflect the mandate of the electorate,” he said.
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