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Maymay

Checkout How To Prepare Tasty Sausage Rolls

~1.0 mins read

HOW TO MAKE SAUSAGE ROLLS

Ingredients

* 2 of all purpose flour

* 1 tablespoon of sugar

* 1 tablespoon of baking powder

* 250g of butter

* 1 cup of cold milk

* 1 egg (egg wash)

FILLINGS

* Sausage

* Garlic powder

* Onion powder

* 1 egg

* Seasoning cube

* Oregano powder

PROCEDURES

* In a mixing bowl, combine the flour, sugar, baking powder and whisk. Add the butter, mix with hands until it becomes scramble. Add the cold milk and mix to form a dough. Transfer the dough into a bowl, cover and place in a fridge for 20mins.

* To prepare the fillings, blend the sausage together with the onion powder, garlic powder, oregano powder and egg until it becomes a paste.

* Roll the refrigerated dough into a flat dough. Cut the unstraight edges to create a perfect rectangular dough. Cut the dough into two equal halves.

* Brush some egg wash on the dough. Place some of the fillings at the edge of one of the dough and roll. Repeat this process for the second dough.

* Cut the dough into four sizes. Place some parchment paper on a baking tray, transfer the cut dough into the baking tray, brush some egg wash on them.

* Bake in a preheated oven of 175c for 20-25mins

ENJOY

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Manizz

Meet The Tallest Girl In Nigeria

~1.3 mins read

Everyone turned into created mainly to play sure roles on this gift world. Some have been created very tall at the same time as others very brief and a few others common. The handiest element we' re required to do is to apply our lives to effect on others and depart incredible legacy after death.

Size or the manner someone is, has little to not anything to do with the person' s achievements. That apart though, there' s a sure female this is believed to be the tallest woman in Nigeria with the aid of using distinctive feature of ways lengthy her legs are and her high- quality top of 6" 3inches. Something that looks so excessive judging from the common maximum girls gain on this a part of the world.

In this newsletter, we' re going to have a study a number of her photographs however earlier than then, let' s see a few information about her.

Her name is Yvonne Rofem and he or she is a fashionista and model. She studied on the Federal University of Technology, Akure and from the appearance of things, i. e. her physical appearances she appears nicely endowed and flawlessly created through God.

Aside from being seemed because the tallest woman in Nigeria, she is likewise nicely shaped, and in contrast to the not unusualplace appears of very tall girls, she is likewise lovely and pretty chubby. She is likewise stated to have the largest woman feet, she places on length 46.

Though there are nonetheless opportunities that she isn' t always the tallest woman however we' re nevertheless looking forward to a person to oppose her claims. But till then, she stays the self acclaimed tallest girl.

That' s involved in now cute readers! Follow the deal with for extra updates and additionally proportion this newsletter for your friends. Thanks.

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Eckson

Reasons Why Good Girls End Up Single And Bad Girls Get Married

~6.8 mins read

The question that kept running through

my

mind and I believe the same was the case in the minds of some of these ladies was When is he going to come? There are ladies that heard the Mr Right is on the way story when they were 27 years old, now they are 33 and he hasnt arrived yet. So when is he going to finally arrive? When theyve clocked 40?.

See the reasons why good girls remained single while bad girls got married Saturday after Saturday.

An Entitlement Mentality

Some good girls think life or the world owes them something for being good. Just because they kept themselves, they sometimes think it is an automatic ticket to finding

a

good man.

Lack of Self Improvement

Some good girls dont improve themselves. The message of being a virtuous woman has robbed some good girls of intelligence. They have specific topics they talk about and respond to.

When you go to a gathering of some good girls, you will hardly find them discussing highly intellectual stuff. Engage some of them in discussions on politics, finance, business, and you will find that they are mostly ignorant in some of these areas. But when it comes to discussions on how to be consistent in your prayer and word life, or becoming a virtuous woman, they are good. No man wants a dull lady in his life.

Packaging Sense

Many good girls dont have Packaging Sense. If only they knew that good men are drawn by what they see too. And this has nothing to do with nudity. No matter how exceptional a ladys character may be, it will have to be marketed in a beautifully and properly packaged container for most men to see. It is beauty first before character.

In a bid to be spiritual, some good girls lose their femininity. It is good to engage in spiritual activities to grow in God, but when those activities begin to take away the feminine touch from a lady, and makes her look like a man, it is not good. No man wants to marry another man.

Even a Pastor wants a lady with her femininity alive; nice makeup, good shape, sweet smell, nice hairdo, cool dress sense, etc. Dont you see their wives? Some good girls fail to keep their femininity alive. Theyve been deceived by the character is all that matters saying, which is not entirely true. In most cases it is beauty first before character.

Overfamiliarity

Many good girls dont know that a close male friend could be a potential husband. Many often say they cant marry their friends. Hes just a friend they say. Who else should be a partner if not a friend turned lover? There are many good girls with good male friends in their lives but they prefer to keep them in the friend zone even when its obvious that these guys like them.

They friend-zone these guys and keep praying that God sends them Mr Right. And while they are praying to God to send their life partners to them, He is waiting for them to recognise the one He positioned in their lives disguised as friends.

The Principle of Respect

Relationship principles have no respect for anyone. No matter who you are, good or bad, the consequences of violating relationship principles still apply.

Deep in the heart of men is a longing to be RESPECTED. Ladies also want to be respected but its a whole different thing for men.

A lady may sometimes ignore it or not take it as a big deal when shes disrespected but a man will never ignore it. It is a big deal to him. Funny thing is, things that communicate disrespect to men are little; the way a lady talks and responds to him, and the way she handles things that matter to him.

While so many good girls violate this principle to their detriment, some bad girls use it as a master tool to keep men glued to them.

Zero Social life

Many good girls dont know that good guys are not living in the same room with them. They dont have a social life. They need to go out so that the good guys can see them. Good guys are not only found in churches or church programs. They can also be found at events, youth summits, talk shows, etc.

High Standards

Most times good girls have high standards. They have a specific kind of man they are looking for. He must be God fearing, responsible, rich, good looking, and have a cool dress sense. He should also know how to treat a girl right. The only person with all these qualities the first time you meet him is Jesus Christ.

There is no perfect man out there. A man will hardly show up having all these qualities at the initial stage. He will come having some. Sometimes a good girl might have good guys coming around but because she doesnt see ALL the qualities she wants in them at the same time, she turns them down.

The Runs Girl Mindset

Most men fall for runs girls or ladies with a runs girl mindset. A runs girl mindset helps a lady understand that pleasing a man is a priority. A runs girl takes her time to understand the psychology of men and ways of pleasing them. While a good girl is waiting for a man that will please her and meet her needs, a bad girl focuses on pleasing the man and meeting his needs. Because if she succeeds, he will in turn meet her needs.

This is basically how the runs girl life works. She needs money so she takes her time to look attractive, and also make men go gaga with her sexual energy and exploits in bed. The men in return shower her with money and gifts.

Many good girls dont have the mindset of a runs girl. I am not saying good girls should become runs girls. I am simply saying they should have their mindset; get to know how men think, understand their psychology and know their needs.

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Lana

IMMUNOLOGICAL BASES OF VACCINATION AND REASONS FOR LACK OF VACCINE AGAINST HIV VIRUS

~6.7 mins read

INTRODUCTION

Immunology of vaccination

A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and "remember" it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters.

Mechanism of function

Generically, the process of artificial induction of immunity, in an effort to protect against infectious disease, works by 'priming' the immune system with an 'immunogen'. Stimulating immune responses with an infectious agent is known as immunization. Vaccination includes various ways of administering immunogens.

Some vaccines are administered after the patient alreadySome vaccines are administered after the patient already has contracted a disease. Vaccines given after exposure to smallpox, within the first three days, are reported to attenuate the disease considerably, and vaccination up to a week after exposure probably offers some protection from disease or may modify the severity of disease (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination).

Classification of vaccines

There are two basic types of vaccines: live attenuated and inactivated. Live attenuated vaccines are produced by modifying a disease-producing (“wild”) virus or bacteria in a laboratory. The resulting vaccine organism retains the ability to replicate (grow) and produce immunity, but usually does not cause illness. Live attenuated vaccines include live viruses and live bacteria.

Live attenuated vaccines

Live vaccines are derived from “wild,” or disease-causing, virus or bacteria. These wild viruses or bacteria are attenuated, or weakened, in a laboratory, usually by repeated culturing. In order to produce an immune response, live attenuated vaccines must replicate (grow) in the vaccinated person.

Although live attenuated vaccines replicate, they usually do not cause disease, such as may occur with the natural (“wild”) organism. When a live attenuated vaccine does cause “disease,” it is usually much milder than the natural disease, and is referred to as an adverse reaction.

Live attenuated vaccines are labile, and can be damaged or destroyed by heat and light. They must be handled and stored carefully. Live attenuated bacterial vaccines include BCG and oral typhoid vaccine. Viruses (oral polio, measles, mumps, rubella, yellow fever), Bacteria (BCG, cholera).

Inactivated vaccines

These vaccines are produced by growing the bacteria or virus in culture media, then inactivating it with heat and/or chemicals (usually formalin). In the case of fractional vaccines, the organism is further treated to purify only those components to be included in the vaccine (e.g., the polysaccharide capsule of pneumococcus). Inactivated vaccines are not alive and cannot replicate. The entire dose of antigen is administered in the injection. These vaccines cannot cause disease from infection, even in an immunodeficient person.

Currently available inactivated vaccines are limited to inactivated whole viral vaccines (influenza, polio, rabies, and hepatitis A). Whole inactivated bacterial vaccines include pertussis, typhoid, cholera, and plague. “Fractional” vaccines include subunits (hepatitis B, influenza, acellular pertussis), and toxoids (diphtheria, tetanus).

Polysaccharide vaccines

Polysaccharide vaccines are a unique type of inactivated subunit vaccine composed of long chains of sugar molecules that make up the surface capsule of certain bacteria. Pure polysaccharide vaccines available include: pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Salmonella typhi. The immune response to a pure polysaccharide vaccine is typically T-cell independent, which means that these vaccines are able to stimulate B-cells without the assistance of T-helper cells.

Conjugate vaccines

In the late 1980s, it was discovered that the problems with polysaccharide vaccines could be overcome through a process called conjugation. Conjugation changes the immune response from T-cell independent to T-cell dependent, leading to increased immunogenicity in infants and antibody booster response to multiple doses of vaccine. The first conjugated polysaccharide vaccine was for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).

Also now available are conjugate vaccines for pneumococcal disease and meningococcal disease.

Recombinant vaccines

Vaccine antigens may also be produced by genetic engineering technology. These products are sometimes referred to as recombinant vaccines. There are four genetically-engineered vaccines are currently available:

•    Hepatitis B

•    Human papillomavirus

•    Live typhoid vaccine (Ty21a)

•    Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)

(www.immune.org.nz/types-vaccines)

INTRODUCTION TO HIV

AIDS was recognized as a novel clinical entity in 1981–1982, when the association of severe immunodepression with increased incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma in homosexual men was first recognized as representing possible variations in the spectrum of a new immunodeficiency disease.

The infectious nature of the syndrome was established in 1983, when Drs. Franc¸oise

Barre-Sinoussi and J. C. Chermann, at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, isolated a new retrovirus from the lymph node of a patient with disseminated lymphadenopathy and other symptoms that usually precede the development of AIDS. The new virus was initially named lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) and later received the designation of HIV. HIV belongs to the Lentiviridae family of retrovirus. Two major variants of the virus have been identified. HIV-1, the first to be isolated, exhibits remarkable genetic diversity, and the different variants have been grouped into seven different families or clades, differing by 30% to 35% in their primary structures. HIV-2, prevalent in West Africa, was isolated a few years later. HIV-2 is less virulent than HIV-1, rarely causes a full-blown AIDS syndrome, and it is not spreading so widely and rapidly as HIV-1. Both viruses are derived from simian immune deficiency virus (SIV) and there is now strong genetic data to support that HIV is derived from the chimpanzee form of SIV. (Medical Immunology, Sixth Edition, Edited by Gabriel Virella, Chapter-30. AIDS and Other Acquired Immunodeficiency Diseases, pg-436).

DIFFICULTIES IN DEVELOPING AN HIV VACCINE

The most difficult challenges today for HIV vaccine researchers are

•    HIV attacks CD4+ T cells, the most important part of the immune system that coordinates and directs the activities of other types of immune cells that combat intruding microbes. For a vaccine to be effective, it will need to be able to activate these cells--a difficult feat if they're being infected and destroyed by the virus.

•    Scientists have not identified the correlates of immunity, or protection, for HIV and are still trying to design vaccines to induce the appropriate immune responses necessary for protection. Unlike other viral diseases for which investigators have made successful vaccines, there are no documented cases of complete recovery from HIV infection. Therefore, HIV vaccine researchers have no human model of recovery from infection and subsequent protection from re-infection to guide them.

•    In an infected person, HIV continually mutates and recombines to evolve into new strains of virus that differ slightly from the original infecting virus. This extensive diversity of HIV poses a challenge to vaccine design as an HIV vaccine would need to protect against many different strains of the virus circulating throughout the world. Conventional vaccines have had to protect against one or a limited number of strains.

•    Ideally, an HIV vaccine will marshal two kinds of immune responses to fight HIV: T cells and antibodies secreted by B cells. These immune responses would prevent the establishment and spread of the virus from the original site of infection and decrease the effects of the disease in those who do become infected. However, scientists have not yet been able to stimulate both types of responses. To date, researchers have only stimulated T cell responses weakly with experimental HIV vaccines and have had difficulty stimulating the production of antibodies that protect against a broad range of HIV strains.

•    Researchers lack the knowledge about which HIV immunogens, pieces of HIV used to construct an experimental HIV vaccine, will get the immune system to recognize HIV during an actual encounter and protect against disease.

•    Lack of a practical animal model to predict the effectiveness of an HIV vaccine in people hampers HIV vaccine development. Currently, researchers rely on experiments using non-human primate models infected with the simian cousin of HIV, known as SIV, and an engineered combination of SIV and HIV, known as SHIV, to somewhat mimic disease progression. Evaluating experimental vaccines in these animals requires an SIV or SHIV analog instead of the actual HIV vaccine candidate used in clinical trials in humans. (www.niaid.nih.go)

CONCLUSION

Vaccines teach the immune system to recognize a specific harmful organism and fight off the disease when the body faces the real pathogen. Despite extraordinary advances in understanding both HIV and the human immune system, a fully successful HIV vaccine continues to elude researchers. However, vaccination has contributed significantly towards improving human health as follows:

•       The elimination in 1977 of smallpox as a human disease

•       Currently, it is estimated that vaccination saves the lives of 3 million children a year

•       Eradication, elimination and control of infectious diseases.

REFERENCES

1.     (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination).

2.     Medical Immunology, Sixth Edition, Edited by Gabriel Virella, Chapter-30. AIDS and Other Acquired Immunodeficiency Diseases, pg-436.

3.     www.niaid.nih.go National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Challenges in Designing HIV Vaccines, September 10, 2008.

4.     www.immune.org.nz/types-vaccines Immunisation Advisory Center, University of Aukland, 07-10-2011

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Youngest22

Barely 24hrs After US Reportedly Opposed Her Stance, See What Ngozi Okonjiweala Said.

~1.7 mins read

Good evening guys, you are welcome to my last post for today.

Please before you continue reading, make sure to follow my account so that you will get notified whenever I have some interesting and exciting articles.

Ngozi Okonjiweala is a Nigerian born Economist and international development expert. She sits on the board of standard chartered bank, Twitter , Global Alliance for vaccines and immunization , and African Risk capacity.

Nigerians and Afticans was thrown into joy and happiness when they learnt their own person have emerged the winner of the Director of world trade organization, defeating her South Korean counterparts. However, the joy was short-lived when the United States came out to oppose it. They don't want her to head the office.

This has given a lot of people mixed feelings and reactions but what she said on Twitter this evening is a clear confirmation that she will assume the office soon.

She wrote " Happy for the success and continued progress of our @Wto DG bid. Very humbled to be declared the candidate with the largest, broadest support among members and most likely to attract consensus. We move on to the next step on November 9, despite hiccups. We are keeping the positivity going!" She said.

It looks like the results was later cancelled and the next voting scheduled to take place on 9th of November 2020.

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Zamong

The Power Houses Of Oil: Unveiling The Top Ten Producing Countries In The World 2024.

~3.5 mins read

Title: The Powerhouses of Oil: Unveiling the Top Ten Producing Countries in the World

Introduction:

Oil has long been the lifeblood of the global economy, fueling industries, transportation, and households alike. In this blog post, we will delve into the top ten oil-producing countries in the world, shedding light on their immense contributions to the energy sector and their impact on the global stage. From the vast deserts of the Middle East to the icy plains of North America, these nations have harnessed their natural resources to become the powerhouses of oil production.

Section 1: Saudi Arabia - The Reigning Champion

Saudi Arabia, the largest country in the Middle East, sits atop the throne as the world's leading oil producer. With its vast reserves and advanced extraction techniques, the Kingdom has consistently maintained its position at the forefront of the global oil market. Saudi Arabia's commitment to maintaining stability in oil prices has made it a key player in shaping the industry's landscape.

Section 2: The United States - A Rising Titan

In recent years, the United States has emerged as a formidable force in oil production, thanks to its technological advancements in shale oil extraction. Boasting vast reserves and a robust infrastructure, the U.S. has significantly reduced its dependence on foreign oil and has become a net exporter. This newfound energy independence has not only bolstered the nation's economy but also reshaped the global oil market.

Section 3: Russia - The Bear's Black Gold

Russia, the largest country in the world, holds immense oil reserves, making it a major player in the global energy sector. Despite facing geopolitical challenges, Russia has managed to maintain its position as one of the top oil producers. With its vast territory and advanced drilling techniques, the country continues to be a key supplier to both domestic and international markets.

Section 4: Canada - The Great Northern Supplier

Canada's oil sands have propelled the country into the top ranks of global oil producers. With its vast reserves and innovative extraction methods, Canada has become a vital supplier to the North American market. However, environmental concerns and the need for sustainable practices pose challenges to the country's future oil production.

Section 5: Iraq - The Cradle of Oil

Iraq, home to some of the world's largest oil fields, has immense potential for oil production. Despite facing political instability and security challenges, the country has managed to increase its output significantly in recent years. As Iraq continues to rebuild its infrastructure and attract foreign investments, it aims to solidify its position as a major player in the global oil market.

Section 6: Iran - The Persian Energy Giant

Iran, blessed with vast oil reserves, has long been a key player in the global energy market. Despite facing international sanctions, the country has managed to increase its oil production and exports. With the lifting of sanctions, Iran aims to regain its position as one of the top oil producers, attracting foreign investments and modernizing its oil industry.

Section 7: China - The Rising Consumer and Producer

China, the world's largest consumer of oil, has also become a significant producer. With its growing economy and increasing energy demands, China has invested heavily in its domestic oil production. By tapping into its own reserves and exploring new extraction techniques, China aims to reduce its reliance on imports and secure its energy future.

Section 8: United Arab Emirates - The Oasis of Oil

The United Arab Emirates (UAE), a federation of seven emirates, has emerged as a major player in the global oil market. With its vast reserves and advanced infrastructure, the UAE has become a key supplier to both regional and international markets. The country's commitment to diversifying its economy and investing in renewable energy sources ensures its continued prominence in the energy sector.

Section 9: Kuwait - The Small but Mighty

Kuwait, a small country in the Middle East, punches above its weight in oil production. With its rich oil fields and efficient extraction methods, Kuwait has consistently ranked among the top oil producers globally. The country's strategic investments in infrastructure and technology ensure its continued success in the energy sector.

Conclusion:

These top ten oil-producing countries play a pivotal role in shaping the global energy landscape. From the Middle East to North America, these nations harness their natural resources and employ advanced extraction techniques to meet the world's insatiable demand for oil. As the world transitions towards renewable energy sources, these countries face the challenge of balancing their oil production with sustainable practices. Nonetheless, their contributions to the global economy and energy security cannot be understated.

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