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Isa
Picture source: USMLE first aid. Please buy a copy to get more info on this Mnemonic
Anatomy Mnemonics For Innervation Of Extraocularmotor Muscles (Ophthalmology))
~1.0 mins read
The nerves that supply the extraocularmotor muscles are
1. Abducens nerve or Cranial nerve VI (6)
2. Trochlear nerve or Cranial nerve IV (4)
3. Oculomotor nerve or Cranial nerve III (3)
• LR6 (SO4) R3
Explanation of Mnemonics
• LR6 = Lateral Rectus muscle --> Innervated by CN6 (VI) Abducens
• SO4 = Superior Oblique muscle --> Innervated by CN4 (IV) Trochlear
• R3 = The Rest of the 4 eyeball movers --> Innervated by CN3 (III)
The muscles innervated by CN 3 (III) Oculomotor nerve are
1. Superior Rectus
2. Inferior Rectus
3. Medial Rectus
4. Inferior Oblique
The Oblique muscles take the eyeballs in the opposite direction. For example the Left Oblique is tested with the patient looking Right and .
Mnemonic
Obliques go Opposite (Left SO and IO tested with patient looking right).
I O U: IO tested looking Up.
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Isa
Image source: USMLE first aid. Please buy a copy to get more info on this Mnemonic
What Is Campylobacter Jejuni (CJ) Bacteria And How Can It Infect You?
~1.4 mins read
Campylobacter jejuni is a Comma or S-shaped bacteria that commonly causes bloody diarrhea, especially in children.
How can this Bacteria Infect you?
The Campylobacter jejuni bacteria can infect you in the following ways:
1. When you eat Chicken or Meat that is not properly cooked.
2. When you consume raw milk that has been contaminated.
3. Having direct or indirect contact with someone who is already infected.
This can happen if the infected person forgets to wash their hands properly after using the toilet.
4. Domesticated animals can also be a source of infection.
For example, Dogs, Cats, Pigs etc
What are the complications of getting infected with Campylobacter jejuni?
Infection with this bacteria can lead to
1. Guillain-Barré syndrome
2. Reactive Arthritis
How can infection with this bacteria be diagnosed?
Your lab technician would look for the following characteristics before confirming an infection with CJ
1. Gram-negative bacteria
2. Coma or S-shaped bacteria
3. Bacteria has polar flagella
- A pollar flagellum is present at one end of the bacteria, but can rotate, clockwise or anti-clockwise depending
4. Bacteria is Oxidase positive
- Oxidase positive organisms can break down oxygen
5. Bacteria grows at a high temperature (42 degree centigrade)
Should I be bothered if I get infected with Campylobacter jejuni?
No, many times when this bacteria infects people, it goes away on its own, you just have to drink plenty fluids preferably Oral Rehydration Solution.
Precaution
Please report to the nearest clinic if the number of stools per day are getting beyond 5 or if the symptoms are causing you significant distress
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