Isa

I Am A USMLE Freak

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Isa

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What Is A Hernia And Why Should You Know About It?
~1.3 mins read
What is a Hernia?
You can tell that you or a person has a hernia when you can feel a bulge in any area of the abdomen (what we often call stomach). This bulge can easily be pushed back inside and everything feels normal again.

When you should visit the hospital?
If you can easily push back the contents into the abdominal cavity, you can delay treatment or going to the hospital, but the moment it starts getting harder to push the content back inside or you feel pain in the area or you feel pain when you try to push it, back you should go as soon as you can to the surgical department.

What is Incarceration?
When the herniated content can no longer be pushed back into the abdomen or pelvic region, it is said to be incarcerated. Please visit the hospital if this happens.

What is Hernia Strangulation?
When a herniated content is incarcerated for too long a period without attention, the blood supply to the region may reduce (ischemia) and the incarcerated tissue may start to die (necrosis). This is called strangulation. 

What is a complicated hernia?
A hernia is said to be complicated when you can no longer push the protruded content back into the abdomen. 
It can also be accompanied by signs of inflammation such as Pain, Redness, and Fever.

What are the common types of hernia?
1. Diaphragmatic hernia
This can be either a Sliding hiatal hernia or a Paraesophageal hernia

2. Inguinal hernia
This can be direct or Indirect hernia

3. Femoral hernia

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Isa

Picture source: USMLE first aid. Please buy a copy to get more info on this Mnemonic

Anatomy Mnemonics To Know Which Nerves Are Sensory, Motor Or Both Sensory And Motor
~1.0 mins read
The 12 Cranial nerves and their Types
I - Optic (Some)
II - Olfactory (Say) 
III - Oculomotor (Marry) 
IV - Trochlear (Money)
V - Trigeminal (But)
VI - Abducens (My)
VII - Facial (Brother)
VIII - Acoustic or Vestibulocochlear (Says) 
IX - Glossophrayngeal (Big) 
X - Vagus (Bras)
XI - Spinal accessory (Matter)
XII - Hypoglossal (More)

Mnemonic
Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Bras Matter More (what cranial nerve is Motor, Sensory, or Both)

Note: Take note of the letters in Bold
1. S = Denotes a Sensory nerve
A sensory nerve doesnt control any movement, however it aids in functioning of some of the sense organs

2. M = Denotes a Motor nerve
A motor nerve controls movement of a muscle, but doesnt supply nerve endings to any sense organ.

3. B = Denotes when a nerve has Both Sensory and Motor properties.

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