Painful sex is a problem that affects nearly 75% of women. Also called dyspareunia it can make women feel incredibly isolated. According to Andrea Gómez, a psychologist, sexologist and specialist in sexual education, "For its diagnosis and care, it is important to determine where in the vagina the pain occurs and if the woman always felt it or it appeared at some point in her life. Sometimes this pain is so intense that the woman cannot relax and she ends up avoiding sexual intercourse so as not to suffer. Dyspareunia can trigger vaginismus, that is, the vagina "closes" involuntarily and does not allow the entry of even a centimeter of a finger. The perivaginal muscles close and there seems to be no entrance to the vagina. He added: "In general, the causes of dyspareunia and vaginismus are psychological and their origin may be in the education received, in traumatic situations suffered (sexual abuse), phobias, etc."

Now let's look at six reasons for pain during sexual intercourse:

 

1. You may not be fully aroused and therefore not fully lubricated.

According to Vanessa Marin, a Los Angeles-based sex therapist, “There are many factors that contribute to a lack of arousal. The undue amount of pressure women put on themselves in bed.” 

The myth that men are always ready for sex can make women feel guilty about needing more time for foreplay, resulting in penetration that can be too tight, or almost annoying. The lack of vaginal lubrication produces pain. It can have different origins: decreased estrogen production during climacteric and menopause, vaginal or urinary infection, vaginal inflammation, presence of a sexually transmitted infection, intake of a medication that decreases lubrication, change in PH (acidity) of vaginal secretions, etc. One way to achieve arousal, help lubrication and reach orgasm is masturbation. But women generally do not engage in this self-erotic practice because they see it as an inadequate substitute for penetration or a perverse act to achieve sexual satisfaction. The truth is that the clitoris is the organ in charge of decoding the stimulation received and triggering the orgasm in women. Its direct or indirect stimulation (with vaginal penetration) is what triggers the female orgasm. Prejudice and ignorance inhibit this stimulation, which is usually ideal for arousal and lubrication, thus preventing pain during sex.

 

2. You may have vaginismus

Leah Millheiser, the director of the Women's Sexual Medicine Program at Stanford University Medical Center explained vaginismus as "involuntary hypercontractility of the pelvic floor muscles with vaginal penetration or attempted penetration." In other words, the muscles in and around the vagina will tighten, making penetration extremely difficult and more painful. The causes can vary, but there is likely to be an emotional component at play here. If someone has experienced past trauma, whether it's sexual assault or a childhood groin injury, it can cause anxiety associated with penetration and prompt clenching as a protective measure.

 

3. STD or other infection

Sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause pelvic pain during sex. 

 

4. Your partner's technique is wrong

Learning how to ask for what feels good in bed can be challenging, but it's incredibly important, not only for emotional intimacy, but physical comfort as well. 

You can have your partner touch the areas that arouses you in two different ways and see which one you respond to more favourably. Do you prefer a massage or something harder? A tap or a touch? You don't have to solve everything at once, but taking steps can help you have better sex.

 

5. It may be endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of it, causing a painful buildup of scar tissue that is especially painful during intercourse. The organs move a little during intercourse, and if the scar tissue makes the pelvis and cervix less mobile, it will feel painful. Also, endometriosis can lead to ovarian cysts which can cause discomfort.

 

6. It could be birth control

Birth control pills stop the natural production of hormones and replace them with the lower doses found in the drug. The result of those lower levels of estrogen and testosterone is sometimes a thinning of the skin around the vulva, which can cause swelling and irritation when stimulated (this is sometimes known as provoked vestibulodynia). 

 

7. It could be related to childbirth

Similar to some birth control methods, women who are breastfeeding after giving birth can expect some painful intercourse. This is because of the changing hormone levels that causes the vagina to dry out and the skin to thin. With treatments like vaginal estrogen therapy or with just a good lubricant, you can expect to have more comfortable intercourse.

 

8. It can be a gastrointestinal problem

If someone is constipated or has Irritable Bowel Syndrome and is having sex, they could be putting pressure on an already irritated body part, leading to a feeling of discomfort in the intestines.

 

While there are many potential causes of dyspareunia, there are also many methods to avoid it. Painful sex is a pain, that doesn't have to be permanent. I'd advice you use a lubricant and if you continue to experience the pain, you have to see a doctor. 

Credits to clarin.com

 

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