Ajiri
Computer Scientist : HND Graduate, From Ozoro Polytechnic Delta State, Nigeria. Worked At Salus Trust LTD.
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Ajiri
How To Study And Pass Exams Like A Genius
~6.4 mins read
Many of my managerial economics students believe that students who make A’s in economics are exceptionally smart. I recently overheard one of my students telling another one: “Only a genius can make an A in managerial economics, so give it up unless you want to be a bookworm for the whole semester.” The problem with this myth is that some, and perhaps even many, students use this half-truth to justify settling for a B or C (or worse) in managerial economics.
Believe it or not, you do not have to be a genius to make an A in managerial economics. You do, however, need to know how to study efficiently and be willing to follow some rather sensible study tips. Having counseled successful and unsuccessful students for over 20 years, I am completely convinced that most of the students who make A’s in economics do so primarily because they know how to study efficiently, not because they are smarter than students making lower grades. The following ten study tips and suggestions should help you become more effective in your study technique and make higher grades in all your courses, not just managerial economics!
Face it, with all these distractions you're not going to give your studies the “quality time” necessary to make an A. Go find a quiet, boring place to study where there will be nothing around you more interesting than your book. Can’t think of such a place? Try the library.
By studying at the library, you will get more work done, and get it done faster than if you work at home.
Go get a Coke or take a short walk outside, and then go back to work for another half-hour or so. Cramming for an exam is neither efficient nor effective.
The object of attending lecture is not to see how well you can take dictation. Don’t frantically write down every word the professor says. Try reading the book before you go to class. Seriously. You bought it, so make it work for you. You cannot expect a lecturer to teach you anything unless you have read the material ahead of time.
Lecturers explain, reinforce, and clarify. Since you are going to read the chapter anyway, why not read it before class so that you will learn something during class?
Sadly, learning just isn't going to be that easy. If you're going to spend time at the pool, you certainly can find more interesting things to study than a textbook.
Passive techniques are study methods that depend on someone else to tell you what to think. For example, reading your textbook is a passive technique because the author of the book is telling you what to think. Listening to a lecture is a passive technique as well because the instructor is telling you what to think. Even reading over your notes before an exam is probably passive study since the notes simply reflect what the instructor told you in class. Reading your book, listening to lecture, and studying your class notes are definitely good things to do, but to make an A, you must do more. You must also make time for some active methods of studying.
Active study techniques can be any method you can devise to make yourself do the reasoning. For example, try reading a paragraph or two in your textbook and then close your book and see if you can explain to yourself what you just read. Keep a pad of paper next to your book so that you can sketch the graphs (with your book closed) and explain them to yourself. See if you can recreate or retrace the steps of reasoning that lead to the main principles in the text.
Active study techniques are much more exhausting than passive techniques, which you may be able to do on “autopilot.” Active methods require you to create the logic, which is hard work! “No pain, no gain” applies to learning as well as physical training.
Let me offer three tips for staying cool during exams.
First, as you make your first pass through an exam, don’t spin your wheels on any one problem. If you can’t work a problem after a few minutes of thought, then move on. As you successfully work some of the other problems on the exam, your confidence builds, and then you can return to the questions that troubled you on the first pass.
Second, don’t assume the problem is difficult. Remind yourself that the answer (when you see it after the test) usually won’t seem particularly difficult then. Most instructors will test you on what they think they taught you. Use what you learned to answer the questions on the test. Don’t get too creative on exams; the correct answer usually comes right from the book.
Third, if you get multiple-choice questions on your exam, be careful! Even a well-prepared student can get confused reading choices that are mostly wrong — wrong answers a well-prepared student would never even think of on their own. So, always try to formulate an answer to a multiple-choice question before you look at the choices, most of which are going to be wrong (unless, of course, “all of the above” is correct).
Try some or all of these study tips. They should help you do better not just in managerial economics, but also in all of your other classes. Learning effective study habits pays dividends throughout your educational career. Efficient study habits make learning fun. Enjoy!
Original Author:
Christopher R. Thomas
Believe it or not, you do not have to be a genius to make an A in managerial economics. You do, however, need to know how to study efficiently and be willing to follow some rather sensible study tips. Having counseled successful and unsuccessful students for over 20 years, I am completely convinced that most of the students who make A’s in economics do so primarily because they know how to study efficiently, not because they are smarter than students making lower grades. The following ten study tips and suggestions should help you become more effective in your study technique and make higher grades in all your courses, not just managerial economics!
Ten Basic Study Tips
1. Study in the library.
Don’t study at home unless you absolutely must. You have far too many distractions at home. Admit it. You want the phone to ring. Watch out, your bed may lure you into a short nap. Oops, you forgot to organize your sock drawer this morning. Wow, the carpet needs vacuuming; after all, who can study with a filthy floor! Next thing you know, poor Fido needs to be fed, and so on until you run out of time to study.Face it, with all these distractions you're not going to give your studies the “quality time” necessary to make an A. Go find a quiet, boring place to study where there will be nothing around you more interesting than your book. Can’t think of such a place? Try the library.
By studying at the library, you will get more work done, and get it done faster than if you work at home.
2. Pace yourself.
Plan to study no more than two hours at a time. It is very difficult to concentrate on one subject for more than two hours. Try spending about an hour and fifteen minutes studying hard, and then take a ten-minute break.Go get a Coke or take a short walk outside, and then go back to work for another half-hour or so. Cramming for an exam is neither efficient nor effective.
3. Study regularly.
Regular, short doses of studying are much more effective than spending many hours at a single sitting. As a general rule, you should plan to study four or five times each week for about one or two hours at a time. If you take lots of small bites, the subject won’t give you indigestion!4. Go to class prepared.
In many instances, the difference between good and mediocre students is that good students go to class prepared.The object of attending lecture is not to see how well you can take dictation. Don’t frantically write down every word the professor says. Try reading the book before you go to class. Seriously. You bought it, so make it work for you. You cannot expect a lecturer to teach you anything unless you have read the material ahead of time.
Lecturers explain, reinforce, and clarify. Since you are going to read the chapter anyway, why not read it before class so that you will learn something during class?
5. Ditch the yellow highlighter (or give it to someone you don't like).
Sitting by the pool highlighting material in your textbook is a waste of time. Your mind doesn’t absorb knowledge like a barcode scanner at the grocery store. If simply highlighting material in a book were truly educational, learning would be easy.Sadly, learning just isn't going to be that easy. If you're going to spend time at the pool, you certainly can find more interesting things to study than a textbook.
6. Mix passive and active study techniques.
This is the real secret to making an A in your course of study, so pay careful attention here. Many students rely exclusively on passive methods of studying, probably because they are easier than active methods.Passive techniques are study methods that depend on someone else to tell you what to think. For example, reading your textbook is a passive technique because the author of the book is telling you what to think. Listening to a lecture is a passive technique as well because the instructor is telling you what to think. Even reading over your notes before an exam is probably passive study since the notes simply reflect what the instructor told you in class. Reading your book, listening to lecture, and studying your class notes are definitely good things to do, but to make an A, you must do more. You must also make time for some active methods of studying.
Active study techniques can be any method you can devise to make yourself do the reasoning. For example, try reading a paragraph or two in your textbook and then close your book and see if you can explain to yourself what you just read. Keep a pad of paper next to your book so that you can sketch the graphs (with your book closed) and explain them to yourself. See if you can recreate or retrace the steps of reasoning that lead to the main principles in the text.
Active study techniques are much more exhausting than passive techniques, which you may be able to do on “autopilot.” Active methods require you to create the logic, which is hard work! “No pain, no gain” applies to learning as well as physical training.
7. Work the homework exercises.
Working problems is the best way to test yourself before an exam. Want cheap thrills? Then go ahead and wait until the exam to see if you can actually work a problem. Want to avoid this kind of terror? Then practice ahead of time. Also, don’t look at the answers to the problems until you have finished working them. After all, anyone can work a crossword puzzle by peeking at the solution (even if it is upside down). Remember, you won’t have the answers to guide your work on an exam. This type of active study technique is essential because exams test your ability to guide yourself through problems.8. Emphasize what the professor emphasizes.
Since you don't have an unlimited amount of time to study every bit of material, you must decide how to allocate your limited study time. Spend most of your time studying the topics the professor stresses in class or assigns for homework.9. Stay cool during exams.
Test anxiety can happen to anyone in any class, but students tell me my exams are especially frightening. For what it’s worth, I was an undergraduate economics major and I also found economics exams to be more worrisome than about any other subject, even calculus!Let me offer three tips for staying cool during exams.
First, as you make your first pass through an exam, don’t spin your wheels on any one problem. If you can’t work a problem after a few minutes of thought, then move on. As you successfully work some of the other problems on the exam, your confidence builds, and then you can return to the questions that troubled you on the first pass.
Second, don’t assume the problem is difficult. Remind yourself that the answer (when you see it after the test) usually won’t seem particularly difficult then. Most instructors will test you on what they think they taught you. Use what you learned to answer the questions on the test. Don’t get too creative on exams; the correct answer usually comes right from the book.
Third, if you get multiple-choice questions on your exam, be careful! Even a well-prepared student can get confused reading choices that are mostly wrong — wrong answers a well-prepared student would never even think of on their own. So, always try to formulate an answer to a multiple-choice question before you look at the choices, most of which are going to be wrong (unless, of course, “all of the above” is correct).
10. Get help if you need it.
All students need help sometimes. When you come across something you don’t understand, you can either (a) ignore it and hope it won’t matter on the test or (b) get help from your instructor (or teaching assistants —TA's— if available). Take advantage of your instructor’s office hours and/or the TAs’ help sessions; you can bet your rivals in the class are getting help!Try some or all of these study tips. They should help you do better not just in managerial economics, but also in all of your other classes. Learning effective study habits pays dividends throughout your educational career. Efficient study habits make learning fun. Enjoy!
Original Author:
Christopher R. Thomas
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Ajiri
Computer Repair Manual And Business Guide
~8.5 mins read
“Have you ever wondered how nice it would be to stop getting ripped off by dishonest and untrustworthy computer techs?”
Click Here to Buy this E-book Now -
“The average cost of a computer diagnosis (finding out what the problem is before even fixing it) is approximately $50 no matter where you go. Then depending on whether it is a virus removal, re-installation of Windows or backup of your hard drive, etc., the cost runs anywhere from approximately another $75 to $300 for software problems.
When it is a hardware issue, computer repair costs can run up to $400 and more. Assuming you have thousands of dollars worth of data you want to save, you will be willing to pay virtually any price for it.
From the advent of the first mass-marketed personal computer in 1977 to present time, computers have steadily and successfully become a very integral part of daily human life. With time, the affordability, portability and usability of computers has also been on a constant upward trend, with single individuals owning multiple computers in the form of desktop, laptop, netbook, handheld and cellular devices. With the increase in use of computer technology and devices, the incidence of their breaking down has also increased. Therefore, it has become crucial to have some knowledge about fixing computers so you, a: don't get ripped off by a computer technician, b: you can fix your own computer, and/or c: you can fix computers for a living.
“Have you ever wanted to learn to fix computers on your own?”
“Have you ever wanted to have your very own computer repair business?”
Well you have come to the right place at the right time!
Click Here to Buy this E-book Now -
Limited Offer
“The average cost of a computer diagnosis (finding out what the problem is before even fixing it) is approximately $50 no matter where you go. Then depending on whether it is a virus removal, re-installation of Windows or backup of your hard drive, etc., the cost runs anywhere from approximately another $75 to $300 for software problems.
When it is a hardware issue, computer repair costs can run up to $400 and more. Assuming you have thousands of dollars worth of data you want to save, you will be willing to pay virtually any price for it.
From the advent of the first mass-marketed personal computer in 1977 to present time, computers have steadily and successfully become a very integral part of daily human life. With time, the affordability, portability and usability of computers has also been on a constant upward trend, with single individuals owning multiple computers in the form of desktop, laptop, netbook, handheld and cellular devices. With the increase in use of computer technology and devices, the incidence of their breaking down has also increased. Therefore, it has become crucial to have some knowledge about fixing computers so you, a: don't get ripped off by a computer technician, b: you can fix your own computer, and/or c: you can fix computers for a living.
Some Common PC problems and how to fix them with the book
You can either choose to find your problem and solution here or you can browse/search for your solution manually in this ebook. For a comprehensive solution, follow chapter 4 every time before starting to troubleshoot a problem. If all the steps fail to solve a software problem, you will have to backup your hard drive by following steps 6 to 17 in chapter 4, and then reinstall Windows. If it is a hardware problem, follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 5 to find and remove/replace/upgrade the broken hardware component.
1. When I press the power button on my laptop, nothing happens (or the power light comes on but the screen is blank/black —follow the steps in chapter 4.
2. I turn on my laptop/desktop and it freezes/hangs on the Windows splash screen (the Windows startup logo) —follow the steps in chapter 4.
3. My computer's audio is not working —follow the steps in chapters 4 and 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 4.
4. My computer screen is showing strange colors — follow the steps in chapters 4 and 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 5.
5. My computer screen is flickering or has vertical or horizontal lines showing intermittently — follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 5.
6. My keyboard doesn't work —follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 5.
7. My mouse doesn't work — follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 5.
8. My wired internet connection is not working — unplug the power cord to the modem and router (if using router as well), wait 30 seconds, then re-plug the power cords to both devices. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it either, follow the steps in chapter 5. If all fails, call your internet service provider.
9. My wireless internet connection is not working — same as problem 8.
10. I cannot get online — same as problem 8.
11. My computer starts ok but when it is loading Windows at the Windows splash screen (startup logo) it suddenly shows a blue screen and then it restarts — it keeps on cycling through this process —follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 5. If that doesn't fix it either, follow the steps in chapter 4.
12. When I open Internet Explorer, it says "Internet Explorer cannot display the webpage." — same as problem 8. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it either, follow the steps in chapter 5. If that doesn't fix it either, follow the steps in chapter 4.
13. When I double-click the My Computer icon, and/or click on the Start button, and/or try to open any program, it shows me an error and does not open any window or program —follow the steps in chapter 4.
14. Every time I turn on my computer, it gives me an option to choose between "Safe Mode," "Start Windows Normally" and a bunch of other options. It doesn't matter which one I choose, because Windows either hangs on the Windows splash screen (startup logo) or keeps restarting —follow the steps in chapter 4.
15. My CD/DVD drive does not work — use the CD/DVD lens cleaner CD to clean the laser lens of the drive. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it either, follow steps in chapter 5.
16. My USB ports don't seem to work because they don't recognize any device that I plug into them —follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 5. If that doesn't fix it either, follow the steps in chapter 4.
17. There is an icon in the system tray (bottom right-hand corner of the screen where the clock is) that keeps showing a balloon message popping up and saying my PC is infected with a virus or spyware and it tells me to click on the message. When I do click on it, it takes me to a website where they want me to purchase an antivirus or spyware removal software —follow the steps in chapter 4. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 6.
18. Every time I click on Internet Explorer icon (or any other browser such as Firefox) lots of browser windows keep opening up and flooding my screen and then it just hangs my PC — follow the steps in chapter 4. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 6.
19. My antivirus software keeps telling me that I am infected with a particular virus, spyware or some other malicious file but I cannot seem to clean it out —follow the steps in chapter 4. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 6.
20. I just need to back up all my important files from my PC and re-install Windows — follow steps 6 to 17 of chapter 4 to backup your hard drive. Then re-install Windows using the restore CD/DVD you got or created with the purchase of your computer or one you bought separately. Then follow steps in chapter 9 to browse the backup hard drive image and extract files and folders you need.
21. There is nothing I need to back up. I just want to format the hard drive and re-install Windows on my PC —just put in the Windows CD in your computer and restart. Follow the on-screen instructions. Make sure you first delete and format the hard drive partition you want to install Windows on.
22. I want to upgrade my Windows XP to Windows Vista or Windows 7 —follow the steps in chapter 12. Then plug in your bootable USB flash drive in to your computer and restart. Follow the on-screen instructions.
23. I want to upgrade my memory (RAM) on my laptop/desktop PC —follow the steps in chapter 5.
24. I want to upgrade my hard drive on my laptop/desktop PC —follow the steps in chapter 5.
25. I want to just clean out my computer of unwanted programs and software —follow the steps in chapter 6.
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Limited Offer
In this computer repair manual, you will find all the information you need to fix a computer. First we will talk about all the tools you need to prepare your computer repair toolkit. That would include both hardware and software tools that you would need to successfully troubleshoot and repair software and hardware issues. About 80% of all computer problems faced today by computer users are software-related, which is why you will notice most of the material covered in this book is software-related. When there is a hardware issue in a computer, we will talk about how to pinpoint the problem hardware component by running various tests using programs. When the problem is identified, you will then learn how to replace the malfunctioning or broken hardware component(s).
Most of the hardware tools required for your computer toolkit can be purchased from any local computer store. Even though most of the software tools mentioned can be downloaded free of cost from their respective websites, there are a couple that you would need to purchase from the software programmer's/manufacturer's website. Go to the respective software vendor's website by clicking on the provided links and download the computer repair software required to carry out repair jobs. So let us begin our journey into the world of computer repair. I assure you that it is not as scary as you think it is. Even those of you with tech-anxiety will find that fixing computers is not only fun but quite easy if you read the instructions and follow them carefully. The most effective way of using this book is to keep it open on your computer screen as a reference guide while practicing different troubleshooting techniques and procedures mentioned. It is also a good idea to get your hands on an old desktop or laptop computer that you can practice on. It could be a machine that has been sitting in your attic or garage collecting dust or it could be a donated machine from a family member, relative or friend for your new computer repair endeavor. You can either choose to find your problem and solution here or you can browse/search for your solution manually in this ebook. For a comprehensive solution, follow chapter 4 every time before starting to troubleshoot a problem. If all the steps fail to solve a software problem, you will have to backup your hard drive by following steps 6 to 17 in chapter 4, and then reinstall Windows. If it is a hardware problem, follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 5 to find and remove/replace/upgrade the broken hardware component.
1. When I press the power button on my laptop, nothing happens (or the power light comes on but the screen is blank/black —follow the steps in chapter 4.
2. I turn on my laptop/desktop and it freezes/hangs on the Windows splash screen (the Windows startup logo) —follow the steps in chapter 4.
3. My computer's audio is not working —follow the steps in chapters 4 and 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 4.
4. My computer screen is showing strange colors — follow the steps in chapters 4 and 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 5.
5. My computer screen is flickering or has vertical or horizontal lines showing intermittently — follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 5.
6. My keyboard doesn't work —follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 5.
7. My mouse doesn't work — follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 5.
8. My wired internet connection is not working — unplug the power cord to the modem and router (if using router as well), wait 30 seconds, then re-plug the power cords to both devices. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it either, follow the steps in chapter 5. If all fails, call your internet service provider.
9. My wireless internet connection is not working — same as problem 8.
10. I cannot get online — same as problem 8.
11. My computer starts ok but when it is loading Windows at the Windows splash screen (startup logo) it suddenly shows a blue screen and then it restarts — it keeps on cycling through this process —follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 5. If that doesn't fix it either, follow the steps in chapter 4.
12. When I open Internet Explorer, it says "Internet Explorer cannot display the webpage." — same as problem 8. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it either, follow the steps in chapter 5. If that doesn't fix it either, follow the steps in chapter 4.
13. When I double-click the My Computer icon, and/or click on the Start button, and/or try to open any program, it shows me an error and does not open any window or program —follow the steps in chapter 4.
14. Every time I turn on my computer, it gives me an option to choose between "Safe Mode," "Start Windows Normally" and a bunch of other options. It doesn't matter which one I choose, because Windows either hangs on the Windows splash screen (startup logo) or keeps restarting —follow the steps in chapter 4.
15. My CD/DVD drive does not work — use the CD/DVD lens cleaner CD to clean the laser lens of the drive. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it either, follow steps in chapter 5.
16. My USB ports don't seem to work because they don't recognize any device that I plug into them —follow the steps in chapter 11. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 5. If that doesn't fix it either, follow the steps in chapter 4.
17. There is an icon in the system tray (bottom right-hand corner of the screen where the clock is) that keeps showing a balloon message popping up and saying my PC is infected with a virus or spyware and it tells me to click on the message. When I do click on it, it takes me to a website where they want me to purchase an antivirus or spyware removal software —follow the steps in chapter 4. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 6.
18. Every time I click on Internet Explorer icon (or any other browser such as Firefox) lots of browser windows keep opening up and flooding my screen and then it just hangs my PC — follow the steps in chapter 4. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 6.
19. My antivirus software keeps telling me that I am infected with a particular virus, spyware or some other malicious file but I cannot seem to clean it out —follow the steps in chapter 4. If that doesn't fix it, follow the steps in chapter 6.
20. I just need to back up all my important files from my PC and re-install Windows — follow steps 6 to 17 of chapter 4 to backup your hard drive. Then re-install Windows using the restore CD/DVD you got or created with the purchase of your computer or one you bought separately. Then follow steps in chapter 9 to browse the backup hard drive image and extract files and folders you need.
21. There is nothing I need to back up. I just want to format the hard drive and re-install Windows on my PC —just put in the Windows CD in your computer and restart. Follow the on-screen instructions. Make sure you first delete and format the hard drive partition you want to install Windows on.
22. I want to upgrade my Windows XP to Windows Vista or Windows 7 —follow the steps in chapter 12. Then plug in your bootable USB flash drive in to your computer and restart. Follow the on-screen instructions.
23. I want to upgrade my memory (RAM) on my laptop/desktop PC —follow the steps in chapter 5.
24. I want to upgrade my hard drive on my laptop/desktop PC —follow the steps in chapter 5.
25. I want to just clean out my computer of unwanted programs and software —follow the steps in chapter 6.
Click Here to Buy this E-book Now -
Limited Offer
In this computer repair manual, you will find all the information you need to fix a computer. First we will talk about all the tools you need to prepare your computer repair toolkit. That would include both hardware and software tools that you would need to successfully troubleshoot and repair software and hardware issues. About 80% of all computer problems faced today by computer users are software-related, which is why you will notice most of the material covered in this book is software-related. When there is a hardware issue in a computer, we will talk about how to pinpoint the problem hardware component by running various tests using programs. When the problem is identified, you will then learn how to replace the malfunctioning or broken hardware component(s).
“Have you ever wanted to learn to fix computers on your own?”
“Have you ever wanted to have your very own computer repair business?”
Well you have come to the right place at the right time!
Click Here to Buy this E-book Now -
Limited Offer
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