If a soldier was captured by the enemy and tortured to give valuable information, would he ever get in trouble if he was rescued?

Francis Gary Powers was working for the CIA (USA) and flying spy missions over the Soviet Union in a U-2 spyplane.

He was instructed to kill himself to avoid capture should he ever suffer a malfunction or be shot down over Soviet airspace.

Here’s how he conducted himself during captivity:

Powers tried to limit the information he shared with the KGB to that which could be determined from the remains of his plane's wreckage. He was hampered by information appearing in the western press. A KGB major stated "there's no reason for you to withhold information. We'll find it out anyway. Your press will give it to us." However, he limited his divulging of CIA contacts to one individual, with a pseudonym of "Collins". At the same time, he repeatedly stated the maximum altitude for the U-2 was 68,000 feet (21 km), significantly lower than its actual flight ceiling. [3]:xii,78,91,128,135,137,139,145,165–166,256

Despite being shot down he was not in the clear when he was transferred back home:

In 2010, CIA documents were released indicating that American officials did not believe Powers' account of the incident at the time, because it was contradicted by a classified National Security Agency (NSA) report which alleged that the U-2 had descended from 65,000 to 34,000 feet (20 to 10 km) before changing course and disappearing from radar. However, newly released declassified CIA documents confirm the accuracy of Powers' report.

The NSA report remains classified.[15]

Powers initially received a cold reception on his return home. He was criticized for having failed to activate his aircraft's self-destruct charge to destroy the camera, photographic film, and related classified parts of his aircraft before his capture. He was also criticized for not using an optional CIA-issued "suicide pill" (later revealed, during CIA testimony to the Church Committee in 1975 to be a coin with shellfish toxin embedded in its grooves) to kill himself. [16]

After being debriefed extensively by the CIA, [17] Lockheed, and the Air Force, a statement was issued stating, "Mr. Powers lived up to the terms of his employment and instructions in connection with his mission and in his obligations as an American." On 6 March 1962, Powers appeared before a Senate Armed Services Select Committee hearing chaired by Senator Richard Russell and including Senators Prescott Bush, Leverett Saltonstall, Robert Byrd, Margaret Chase Smith, John Stennis, Strom Thurmond, and Barry Goldwater, Sr. During the hearing, Senator Saltonstall stated, "I commend you as a courageous, fine young American citizen who lived up to your instructions and who did the best you could under very difficult circumstances." While Senator Bush declared, "I am satisfied he has conducted himself in exemplary fashion and in accordance with the highest traditions of service to one's country, and I congratulate him upon his conduct in captivity..." Finally, Senator Goldwater sent Powers a handwritten note stating, "You did a good job for your country."[3] :264,270–280

As it appears, he did lose sensitive material to Soviets but it appears circumstances were such that he could not help it.

He was criticized and attacked at home for not killing himself.

He wasn’t tortured although he was subjected to sleep deprivation, death threats and other tactics to persuade him to reveal sensitive information.

Had he been subjected to over a year of torture I don’t think any sensible person would have used any revelations by him against him, even if it had been a shorter duration of torture.

Torture is torture. I’d like to think we cannot judge other people for how they manage under torture or how they might fail to take their own lives instead of being captured.

That said some people will attack prisoners that are returning.

The Soviet Union was infamous for its policy on its soldiers that had been captured. Merely having been captured could mean a death sentence if you were eventually rescued or transferred back to the Soviet Union. Sometimes it didn’t matter whether you had disclosed any information at all. They would simply say things like “Soviet soldiers don’t surrender” and consider you a security threat.

“A Soviet soldier must not be taken prisoner against his will. And if he has been, he is a traitor to the Motherland”

According to some sources many of them were monitored long after war, kept on special registers and having to report in regularly while being generally despised as “fascists” and “traitors”.

So, how you’re treated depends heavily on where you’re from.