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Alcoholism And Alcohol Abuse
~6.8 mins read

Alcohol abuse and dependence, now both included under the diagnosis of an alcohol use disorder, is a disease characterized by the sufferer having a pattern of drinking excessively despite the negative effects of alcohol on the individual's work, medical, legal, educational, and/or social life. It may involve a destructive pattern of alcohol use that includes a number of symptoms, including tolerance to or withdrawal from the substance, using more alcohol and/or for a longer time than planned, and trouble reducing its use.

  • Alcohol abuse, on the less severe end of the alcohol use disorder spectrum, affects about 10% of women and 20% of men in the United States, most beginning by their mid-teens.
  • Signs of alcohol intoxication include the smell of alcohol on the breath or skin, glazed or bloodshot eyes, the person being unusually passive or argumentative, and/or a deterioration in the person's judgment, appearance, or hygiene.
  • Almost 2,000 people under 21 years of age die each year in car crashes in which underage drinking is involved. Alcohol is involved in nearly half of all violent deaths involving teens.
  • Alcohol, especially when consumed in excess, can affect teens, women, men, and the elderly quite differently.
  • Risk factors for developing a drinking problem include low self-esteem, depressionanxiety, or another mood problem, as well as having parents with alcoholism.
  • Alcohol use disorder has no one single cause and does not directly pass from one generation to another genetically. Rather, it is the result of a complex group of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors.
  • There is no one test that definitively indicates that someone has an alcohol-use disorder. Therefore, health care professionals diagnose these disorders by gathering comprehensive medical, family, and mental health information.
  • There are five stages of alcoholism, which was formerly called the more severe end of the alcohol use disorder spectrum.
  • There are numerous individual treatments for alcoholism, including medical stabilization (detox), individual and group counseling, support groups, residential treatment, medications, drug testing, and/or relapse-prevention programs.
  • Some signs of problem drinking include drinking alone, to escape problems, or for the sole purpose of getting drunk; hiding alcohol in odd places; getting irritated and/or craving alcohol when you are unable to obtain alcohol to drink; and having problems because of your drinking.
  • While some people with more severe alcohol use disorder (formerly alcoholism or alcohol dependence) can cut back or stop drinking without help, most are only able to do so temporarily unless they get treatment.
  • There is no amount of alcohol intake that has been proven safe during pregnancy.
  • The long-term effects of alcohol abuse and alcoholism can be devastating and even life-threatening, negatively affecting virtually every organ system.
  • Codependence is the tendency to interact with another person in an excessively passive or caretaking manner that negatively affects the quality of the codependent individual's life.
  • Adequate supervision and clear communication by parents about the negative effects of alcohol and about parental expectations regarding alcohol and other drug use can significantly decrease alcohol use in teens.
  • With treatment, about 70% of people with alcoholism are able to decrease the number of days they consume alcohol and improve their overall health status within six months.
  • What are the effects of alcohol?

    Chemically, alcohol tends to decrease the chemical activity of substances that affect the nervous system, to inhibit behavior (gamma-aminobutyric acid, also called GABA signaling), and increase the activity of pleasure-seeking processes (glutamate). That can result in people being less inhibited in their words and actions and more likely to engage in immediately pleasurable activities even if they are unsafe. Even light drinkers can experience shrinking of parts of the brain. Intoxication with alcohol can be characterized by

  • slurred speech,
  • clumsiness,
  • sleepiness,
  • headaches,
  • distorted senses,
  • lapses in memory,
  • nausea,
  • vomiting, and
  • loss of consciousness.
  • Potentially positive effects of alcohol consumed in moderation include
  • decreased risk of developing gallstones,
  • diabetes,
  • heart attack, and
  • certain causes of stroke.
  • What is alcohol abuse?

    Alcohol abuse, now included in the diagnosis of alcohol use disorder, is a disease. While many have described this disorder as dipsomania, the latter term more accurately describes the intense craving that can be a symptom of alcohol use disorder. A maladaptive pattern of drinking alcohol that results in negative work, medical, legal, educational, and/or social effects on a person's life characterizes the disorder. The individual who abuses this substance tends to continue to use it despite such consequences. Effects of alcohol use disorder on families can include increased domestic abuse/domestic violence. The effects that parental alcoholism can have on children can be significantly detrimental in other ways as well. For example, the sons and daughters of alcoholics seem to be at higher risk for experiencing feelings that are more negative, stress, and alienation as well as aggression. There are a multitude of negative psychological effects of alcohol use disorder, including depression and antisocial behaviors.
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    DemuchGS
    4 Surprisingly Common Anxiety Triggers
    ~1.9 mins read
    In a world of growing mental health awareness, it comes as no surprise that anxiety is one of the leading diagnoses. While it's perfectly normal to have some anxiety on a fleeting basis, it's not normal for it to wreak havoc on your day-to-day life. What triggers one person's anxiety may not even register on the radar for another, so it's important to learn and take stock of what may or may not provoke your anxiety. 

    1. Caffeine
    Topping the list, caffeine can do many things, including inducing anxiety. It can be great in small doses, though tolerance levels will vary from person to person. In some people, too much caffeine can be a trigger that worsens existing anxiety. Fortunately, it's also an easier trigger to control. For example, some people may find their anxiety improved simply by cutting back from three to two cups of coffee. 

    2. A Messy Home Environment 

    This one often surprises people. A messy home environment doesn't always cause stress or anxiety for people, but in an individual with anxiety, it can make a huge difference. If you struggle with anxiety, consider evaluating your home environment. A cluttered home can sometimes be an issue because it sits at the back of your mind on your to-do list. The proverbial mental to-do list can be triggering for anxiety, resulting in a number of responses including insomnia, increased stress, reduced ability to focus, and more. Small changes, such as adding the house to your to-do list, or simply tidying up on a regular basis has the potential to reduce anxiety; but this may not be true for everyone.  

    3. Self Neglect

    Self-neglect and self-care are often tough pills to swallow, but yet still surprisingly common in the world of anxiety. Neglecting yourself and not taking care of your personal needs can be an anxiety trigger. Whether you're not showering regularly, skipping meals, staying up too late or not going to the doctor, it's important to evaluate these behaviors and work to take better care of yourself. If you are struggling with getting these tasks done, there may be more at play, such as depression, which can sometimes go hand-in-hand with anxiety. 
    4. Not Enough Sleep 

    Sleep, or lack thereof, is linked to a slew of mental and physical health issues, so it should come as no surprise that anxiety is one of them. While staying up later than usual on occasion likely won't cause any harm, a lack of sleep over a long period of time can exacerbate anxiety symptoms in some. In some people, small changes such as practicing good sleep hygiene or creating a more realistic sleep schedule can make a huge difference. 

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