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Adesuwa
Program Planning And Budgeting System
~3.1 mins read
Ppbs is both planning and an implementation strategy that involves the matching of program objective with the resources available for their achievement. The strategy requires public programme executors to: set theprogramme basic goal and objective mean for achieving the stated goal and objective;cmpute the cost of each alternative and how effective each alternative will be in achieving the stated goal and objective. On the whole, it's a rigorous strategy that requires both cost benefit and coast effective analysis of basic program can be used to provide a rational programme
The three concept underli ppbs
Development in each agency of an analytical capability to examine in depth both agency objective and various programme to meet these objective;.
Formulation of a multi year.planning and programming process couple with a sophisticated management information system.
Creation of an improved budgetry mechanism that can facilitate broad programme decisions,. Translate them into more refined decision in a budgetary context and then present the results for executive and legislative action
In operational term, according to Johnson e egonwan ppbs strategy involves six major activities.
Planning-this involves the schedule or outlining a project activities beforehand so that the project objective can be identified so that and evaluated in terms of time, cost and their contribution towards the achievement of the corporate.goal of the agency concerned
Programming- this involves the identification and evaluation of alternative stretegies to be used in achieving the objective of the plan in term of organization the objective of the plan in term of organization structure.in the line with the accepted strategies.in other words, the sequence and methodology of carryo out the project activities are specific through programming.
Budgeting- this activity had to do with the provision of the necessary input, such as personnel, material, money, machine and operating procedure, in order to achieve project target, programme objective and the planned goal in accordance with the time. Phasing of implementation.
Implementation- this is the action stage where the plan of operations is executed.it involves the concretization of all the planned project personnel, on ground.this is where the person material,money, machine and procedures.are put into action.
Monitoring- this activity involves the continuously review of the progress and problem during the implementation of project and when corrective action is initiated in time to ensure that activities performance is in accordance with the plan of work.it is also involves the cordination of activities to ensure that the project execution is on course
Evaluation- this activity on assessing the programme effective in terms of the ratii of objective to output and program efficiency measure by the ratio of output to input
It's a type of summative evaluation research discuss
The advantage of the ppbs strategy
Ppbs improve rational decision making process in government by ensuring that alternative means of achieving programme objective are weighted and that the cost of any projects are analyze before resources are allocated
The strategy eliminate waste in government expenditure by allocating resources on the basis of program effectiveness and efficiency.
It promoted accountability in programme implementation by acquiring the respective agency of government to show evidence of effectiveness on a yearly basis until programme is completed.
By centralizing decisy making in project execution,ppbs provide effective coordination of departmental project within the same policy space.
Opponent of ppbs have criticise the strategy
Decision making in ppbs is top down rather than bottom up thereby negating the modern participative management emphasize by the mbi strategy.
Ppbs sophisticated technique of costing services and product will inevit initiate the decline.of the legislator and the generalist administrator o the detriment of public.budgeting and the demonstrating process.the entire policy.procesd will.eventually become the province of the experts, system analyst, cost benefit technician, and mechanical specialist.
Because the strategy requires constant appraisal and monitoring of project it contradict the modus operandi of public administrator,who are you to assessing themselves by what they do and not by the results of their activities.
Ppbs minimize politic because of its emphasis on rational decision making based on empirical.concrere evidence ns as such it's finding may not be of interest to policy maker and administrator
The foregoing disadvantage of ppbs strategy call for its selective application taking into consideration such as non economic feasibility and socio cultural acceptability.
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Adesuwa
When The Armour Fails
~0.4 mins read
Introduction
Just before our Lord departed this to prepare a place for us (jn14:1-2),he gave us power over the kingdom of darkness
(Matt 10:1),(luk10:9)(luk24:49) know the armour of God when used rightly and truthfully cannot fail. Our powerlessness is legendary in this generation, such that Satan and his demons are penetrating our armour with out much resistance and difficulty.
Unlike our father of faith, the spiritual warfare of our generation abound with.so many tales of defeat and flight from the battle ground.
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