In this interview with BANKOLE TAIWO, the Commissioner for Justice and Attorney General of Ogun State, Mr Oluwasina Ogungbade, SAN, shed more light on why the late Awujale and paramount ruler of Ijebu land, Oba Sikiru Adetona, was buried according to Islamic rites, in line with the 2021 Obas and Chiefs Law of the state How has Ogun State been addressing the challenges of access to justice and prison decongestion? The administration of Gov Dapo Abiodun has been making concerted efforts to improve access to justice for everyone in the state and the country. This has been through multifaceted approaches. For instance, since coming into the office six years ago, the governor has facilitated the appointment of about 30 judges after their recommendation by the NJC. The government has also been ensuring that our judges sit in a conducive environment, and likewise, the litigants. The judiciary has also put in place measures to aid access to justice, such as a multi-door court system. There is also room for mediation, as not everything must go through the whole process of litigation. Regarding prison decongestion, the last review of the constitution removed the issues of prisons from the exclusive list to the concurrent list, allowing both the state and federal governments to legislate on issues of correctional services. Even before then, we have always worked together with the correctional service authority to aid their decongestion. Anyone who visits the prison as they are today will question their ability to carry out the corrections that they are supposed to be doing. I have also visited the prisons several times, and when we do, it is to interact with the officials and the inmates, look at cases of people who have spent more than the required number of years for the crimes they were alleged to have committed, and we have quite facilitated the release of a whole lot of these inmates. The constitution also empowers the governor to grant amnesty to the inmates who have spent a certain number of years, and the governor has always done that, too. About two years ago, the management of the correction service commended us for the steps taken so far to aid prison decongestion. To commemorate this year’s democracy day, quite a lot of the inmates were also released. But I must also assure the people of the state that the release of these inmates is not what we do randomly, no, we are very methodical about it, we are not just going there to release anybody or everybody. We look at the case on its merit and make recommendations to the governor before any release is made. How do you see the state of our correctional facilities? Most of them were built many years ago and are currently overstretched. Like I said earlier, the issue of correctional facilities has been moved from the exclusive list into the concurrent list, and so any state that has the will and the resources could begin to have its prisons too. The Ogun government is also working on something but because of the stage in which it is, I may not be able to talk so much about it but I can assure you that it is what we are looking at, not only prison decongestion but to also come up with our system where we can ensure that those who found themselves on the other side of the law due to one reason or the other are not thrown away because largely that is what exists now, it is like the people are being thrown away. What we plan to do is to ensure that such inmates are reformed in the process of serving the punishment for going against the law, and they are readmitted back into society as changed individuals. What is the state government making out of the backlash trailing the burial of the late Awujale of Ijebu land, Oba Sikiru Kayode Adetona, with some traditionalists promising a showdown with the government? We have continued to read that certain people are disgruntled and dissatisfied with the burial of the late traditional ruler according to Islamic injunctions. Even before going into the state laws, there is a greater law, the 1999 constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria as amended, which guarantees an individual right to freedom of religion, of thought and the rest. If you are alive and toe a path of religious beliefs, it won’t end after your death because each religion has its established practices even after death. The late Awujale was a Muslim during his lifetime, and with the provision of the constitution, what stops him from being buried according to the religion he practised while alive? But traditionalists argue that he was installed according to tradition, and so he should be buried in line with the tradition too… He might have been installed according to tradition, but I do not subscribe to the thought that once you are installed according to the tradition, you’ve automatically given up your rights to freedom of religion, which the constitution guarantees; that is not how it works. Let’s now look at what the 2021 Obas and Chiefs Law of Ogun State says, because a lot of people have continued to speak in ignorance; they have not taken their time to read the provisions of these laws. The law did not abrogate the participation of the traditionalists in the burial of the monarchs; it preserves it. All that the law says is that nobody should disturb the burial of an Oba by his family, and I want to assume that an Oba will be buried by his family by the faith of such a king. Section 55 of this law prescribes 12 years’ imprisonment for anyone or a group who disturbs the burial of a traditional ruler. About the traditionalists, the law now says that they will have a role, but the rites which they will perform will be as determined by the relevant traditional council of their respective areas. Of course, in Ogun State, we have the four divisions, and so we have Egba Traditional Council, Yewa Traditional Council, Remo Traditional Council and Ijebu Traditional Council, which is the umbrella body for the traditional rulers for each division. So, the roles to be played by these traditionalists in the burial of an Oba will be as determined by this traditional council, according to the peculiarity of their domain, such decision will now be made in the form of a declaration that when an Oba passes away these are the rites to be conducted with regards to the burial of that Oba in the traditional way. After getting the declaration, the traditional council will also register it with the Commissioner for Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs; that’s what the law says. Even though Obas ascend the throne using a declaration, this thing we call tradition is in itself made in the form of a declaration, which is registered, and that regulates how Obas are installed. If the law has also now said that with regards to the burial rites, let us have a declaration, register it with the appropriate commissioner, what is wrong with that? The question we should be asking, or that they should be asking themselves, is where the declaration is.  And the law has put all of these in place so that nothing will be hidden from anyone. I must also add that the 2021 Obas and Chiefs Law of the state also criminalises the mutilation or cannibalisation of the corpse of an Oba. Let everything you want to do be in the open; this is 2025. The law has only provided that let us know what you want to do, but right now, they are saying that the government has prevented us from doing what we ought to do. It will also be good if they can provide the government with the declaration that they are supposed to have registered with the government, but for the burial of the Awujale, there was nothing like that. Like I said earlier, I hope that reason will prevail and they will get legal advice and drop this agitation, and rather move towards getting the proper declaration registered with the government. But the traditionalist, the Ifa Council, is threatening a legal battle with the government. Does that mean the state remains unshaken and also legal battle-ready? It is not that we are excited to go to court over this issue with anyone, not at all, because I believe that some of these things are not necessary. Ogun State is known to be peaceful, and it encourages peaceful coexistence among all the tribes as well as the adherents of Christianity, Islamic and Traditional religion. We do not want anything that can cause any disharmony in any part of the state. However, the fact that they have chosen to go to court is welcome in the sense that the court exists to settle disputes between individuals and government, it is a welcome development if they have decided to travel through the legal route, though it is regrettable that they have decided to go that far but we will respond whenever we are contacted. What is your advice to the traditional council that has refused to draw up a declaration guiding the burial rites of traditional rulers as stipulated by the law? My advice is not only to the traditional council but also to anybody, be it the traditionalists, the Osugbos or whoever is interested in the agitation, that when an Oba dies, he is buried according to the customs, that they should take advantage of this law and put everything that the law requires in place. You cannot build something on nothing. The law has said that you can do this, but before you do it, let us know exactly what you want to do and register it with the government. You have not done that, but here you are accusing the government wrongly of preventing you from doing what the government said you can do once you only have to fulfil certain conditions. My advice to them all is to look at the law and take advantage of what the law has explicitly required them to do; it is as simple as that. With this declaration coming from the traditional council, will it still affect the provision of the law that bans the mutilation and cannibalisation of the corpse of the king? Of course, the law has made it clear that the body of an Oba must not be tampered with or mutilated. I doubt if any declaration from the traditional council will say that the corpse of an Oba should be mutilated, but if we see something like that, it means that such a declaration won’t be registered by the government. The declaration must be made by the provision of the law, or else it won’t be registered or approved by the government. If the traditionalists look at the law very well, they will know that the law has not said that they can’t perform their rites, except that they are saying that the rites which they want to perform will be with the body of the late royal father, which is not allowed. The law has said that you cannot cannibalise or mutilate the body of an Oba, and so be it. Will you canvass that the National Assembly adopts this version of the Ogun State law? The issues involved rest with each of the state of the federation and already some states in the Southwest contacted me when we passed the law, a copy of the law was sent to them and I am sure they are still studying it, and even with the noise the recent incident, that is the burial of the late Awujale generated after he was buried according to the Islamic rites, I have received several calls from traditional rulers from other states commending the Government of Ogun State for what we have done. It is something that I will also recommend for other states, but like I said, it is a matter for the state. However, above all, the constitution is there, Section 38 is binding on all of us, whether you are in Adamawa, Ogun, Ebonyi, Oyo and so on…the right to freedom of religion and others are fully entrenched there. Does that mean that you won’t agree with those saying that the Ogun State Government is colluding with some individuals to bastardise the cherished culture of the Yoruba land? We certainly reject such baseless accusations. You will recall that Ogun State has recognised the traditionalists’ day called Isese Day, which is observed every 28th of August across the state. Again, at the risk of repetition, the law preserves the traditional rites; it doesn’t take them away, so it will be wrong for anyone to be saying what they do not know. But the traditionalists are saying that the government has taken the burial away from them because they’re saying that it is the Osugbos that must bury the traditional rulers… You see, tradition must evolve with time, just like culture; it is not static. They may be referring to practices that had been in place for hundreds of years, but we can’t say that this is how we have been doing it, and we must continue that way, and as I have said, they should comply with the law. Let us ask ourselves, can any Osugbo or any other group for that matter, install any traditional ruler without government approval? They cannot. The throne of Awujale is vacant now. Can the throne be occupied without the government approving all the processes that govern having the vacant throne filled? There has to be approval from the government for the next ruling house to commence the process of nomination of those who are eligible for the filling of the vacant stool. When they have that family meeting, it will be monitored by the secretary of the local government, who will write a report and send it to the Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs, who will now generate a paper and send it to the Ministry of Justice. The Ministry of Justice will check the report to ensure that the provisions of the law of the state have been complied with. Once the Ministry of Justice approves the report, it can then forward this name to the executive council for approval. I have done all of these explanations to let you know that the traditionalists cannot do anything without the input or approval of the government. So, I don’t know where this noise about government interference is coming from. If you can’t install without government, and the government is now saying that you cannot bury without letting us know exactly what rites you want to do, what then exactly is the problem? You can’t even appoint outside the declaration approved by the government. Perhaps, the traditionalists should start their agitation by saying that they want to start appointing the traditional rulers without the consent of the government, but that won’t work. What is the way forward in the face of the back and forth argument, temper flaring and the agitation? Well, the law itself went through a process when it was going to be passed; it wasn’t like it was done under the military when decrees were just rolled out overnight. It went through public hearing and the rest. The way forward is that the traditionalists should comply with the law as it is today. They should get the relevant traditional council across the state to prepare their declaration, which will guide the burial of an Oba, and register such with the government, and if they feel that that won’t still be enough, they are at liberty to push for the amendment of the law.

Dominic Solanke's first-half penalty kept Tottenham Hotspur's season alive as they defeated Eintracht Frankfurt to reach the semi-finals of the Europa League. Tottenham wasted several chances to take control of the tie during a 1-1 draw in the first leg last week, but in Frankfurt Ange Postecoglou's side spent large spells without the ball and under pressure. Spurs were awarded a penalty as half-time approached when Frankfurt goalkeeper Kaua Santos mistimed his jump and clattered into James Maddison while attempting to claim a long ball forward. Maddison's team-mates were incensed when referee Davide Massa failed to award a spot-kick, though he changed his decision after a video assistant referee (VAR) review and booked Santos. Solanke stepped up to take the spot-kick - Postecoglou appeared to indicate he wanted the striker to take it - and stroked the ball down the middle as Santos dived to the left. Maddison - who initially continued after receiving treatment - was replaced in first-half stoppage time by Dejan Kulusevski. Spurs struggled to keep the ball in central areas after losing the England midfielder, and spent the first 15 minutes of the second half repelling wave after wave of Frankfurt attacks. Though the hosts dominated possession after the break, Tottenham threatened on the counter-attack and from set-pieces. Cristian Romero headed narrowly wide from a corner just after the hour mark, before Rodrigo Bentancur headed over from a similar situation. Guglielmo Vicario produced a magnificent save with his legs to keep out Fares Chaibi from close range as Eintracht upped the pressure, before Leeds loanee Rasmus Kristensen dragged wide with the goal gaping following a cut-back. Tottenham will face either Lazio or Bodo/Glimt in the final four. It has been an abysmal season for Tottenham and their supporters, but with one last shred of hope on the line, Postecoglou's players turned up. Spurs fought and scrapped all night, and in the second half managed to weather a Frankfurt storm on a rainy night in Germany. Tottenham started fairly comfortably, limiting the hosts to half-chances and going close through a curling Mathys Tel effort. However, they almost succumbed to the kind of defensive mishap that has plagued their Premier League campaign. Frankfurt striker Hugo Ekitike looked primed to score after a Santos goal-kick split the Spurs defence in half, but Micky van de Ven recovered to deny the Frenchman with a last-ditch tackle. The penalty was the defining moment of the night, and not just because it produced the game's only goal. Maddison's self-sacrifice summed up an attitude that has been lacking at times this season, a willingness to put bodies on the line and stand firm in the face of adversity. The result was a mature performance from a side that has looked anything but for much of this season, and the prize just a third European semi-final in 44 years. With little else to play for and Postecoglou's job on the line, Tottenham came of age. Three games now separate them from a first trophy win in 17 years.

Eighteen-year-old Ogungbayi Lydia tells TEMITOPE ADETUNJI about her fight to stay alive. Born with sickle cell, she is now battling a rare heart condition that has left her stomach painfully swollen Can you share the story of how your health journey began? I am 18 years old. I am from Badagry, Lagos State. I was diagnosed with massive ascites about four years ago, a severe condition where an abnormal amount of fluid builds up in the abdomen, causing swelling, discomfort, and difficulty in daily life. For years, I lived with the uncertainty of not knowing the exact cause. Recently, doctors confirmed that it is actually Progressive massive ascites caused by constrictive pericarditis — a rare but serious condition where the sac surrounding the heart becomes thickened and rigid, preventing the heart from functioning properly, according to my understanding. It all started in March 2021. My stomach began swelling gradually. I thought it was something minor, but gradually, my stomach began to swell very fast. It kept getting bigger and more uncomfortable. We went from one hospital to another, and eventually I was referred to Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Since then, my life has completely changed. My days are filled with hospital visits, tests, and treatments. Sometimes the swelling reduces a little, but it always comes back, and each time, it feels worse. What position are you in your family? I am the third child in my family. I have two older brothers and a younger sister who came after me. What was your life like before you fell ill? Before I fell ill, my life was so different even though I was suffering from the sickle cell anemia crisis, it comes once in a while. I was a student in the Science Department in a secondary school, full of excitement and plans for the future. I loved science — it fascinated me. I wanted to understand the human body, especially because of my own experience living with sickle cell. That is why I had a dream: to become a hematologist. I wanted to help people like me, people who knew what it was like to live with constant health challenges, yet still dared to dream. Being born with sickle cell has been a serious struggle; Sickle cell crises are already painful and draining. But when this stomach swelling began, everything became worse. My body became weaker, my recovery slower, and the pain is harder to bear. Every procedure feels draining. How has this illness affected you emotionally? It has been very hard for me — sometimes too hard to explain. There are days I just sit quietly and ask myself, ‘Why me?’ I think about why I have to go through all this pain when none of my brothers or sisters is facing it. What do your parents do for a living? My dad is a pastor, and my mum is a petty trader. They have both been doing everything they can to keep me alive. I know it has not been easy for them. My dad prays for me, my mum works so hard, selling whatever she can, even when she is tired, just to make sure I have my medicine, food, and the care I need. There are times I see the worry on her face, even when she tries to hide it from me. I know they carry a heavy burden in their hearts How long have you been in and out of the hospital for this? I have been in and out of the hospital since 2021. Specifically, at LASUTH, my first major admission was in late June 2023. I was there for over 22 days. They inserted a central line into my stomach to drain the fluid. But they told me that without the surgery, the swelling would always return. How much does the surgery cost, and how much have you been able to raise? The surgery costs about N7m. They require N5m as a deposit and about N2m for other expenses. We were blessed that the Lagos State Ministry of Health helped us with N5m. But that money has been used for my ongoing treatment, tests, and hospital stays. Right now, we only have N3.5m left to raise to make the surgery possible. What will happen if you don’t get the surgery done soon? The swelling will keep coming back. Without the surgery, my heart condition will not be corrected, and my stomach will keep getting accumulated with fluid. My health will continue to deteriorate. Even walking is already difficult because of the pain and the heaviness in my abdomen. The surgery is my only hope. If you were not in this condition, what would you be doing right now? I would be in school, studying to become a doctor. That has always been my dream. I want to be a haematologist, so I can help people like me. If I regain my health, I will continue my education and work towards that dream. When you imagine yourself healed and healthy, what is the first thing you want to do? The first thing I will do is share my testimony. This has been the biggest battle of my life, and if I win it, I want the world to know that God saved me. Then I want to rebuild my life — return to school, build my career, and help other people facing similar or even worse health challenges. Do you regret being born with sickle cell? In the past, yes; I would ask, ‘Why me?’ especially when I saw my siblings healthy and full of life. But now, I see it differently. I thank God that at least I am still here. I am still breathing, and maybe my life will be a testimony to others someday. What is your message to Nigerians, the government, and anyone who can help? Please, I am begging — help me. Help me get this surgery so I can live again. I want to be free from this pain, from this misery. Even walking is scary and painful. I have dreams; I want to live long enough to achieve them. Whatever anyone can do to help me will mean the world to me. How do you stay hopeful in the middle of this fight? I trust God completely; I believe nothing is impossible with Him. He has kept me alive till now for a reason. That faith is what keeps me going, even when I feel like giving up. How have your family and friends supported you? My mum has been my rock. She motivates me, lifts my spirit, and never lets me give up. My elder brothers try to make me laugh and keep me happy. My younger sister is my best friend and my biggest cheerleader. She is always by my side. My dad may not be with me physically all the time, but he is with me in prayers. Even my teachers and people in my surroundings have shown me lots of love. I feel blessed to have these people around me. Do you sometimes feel isolated because of your health? Yes I do feel isolated because people don’t interact with me like a normal human being and they make me feel so different from a normal person. How do you handle people’s reactions when they see your swollen stomach? I just count it as them being so surprised and can’t hide their feelings about it and I try not to let it get to me. There was a time when the weight of it all pushed me into deep depression. I even reached a point where I felt life was no longer worth living. But somehow, my faith became my lifeline, holding me through the darkest nights. I am forever grateful for the good people God placed around me. Are there words people have said to you—good or bad—that you will never forget? Over the course of this journey, I have experienced countless uplifting exchanges and equally countless hurtful ones. I have received words of encouragement, motivation, and heartfelt prayers that reassure me and keep me going. I have also heard degrading and discouraging remarks that once made me feel like giving up. With time, however, the power of the kind and supportive words has helped me rise above the hurtful ones, and I no longer allow them to break me. What lessons has this journey taught you? That life is fragile, that faith is everything, and that no matter what people say, you must believe in your own story. Most importantly, you have to keep trusting God, no matter how dark the days may seem. If your story goes viral and you get the help you need, what would that mean to you? It would mean my voice was heard, and that people cared enough to save my life. It would mean I have a second chance to live.

In recent years, the obsession with weight loss in Nigeria has morphed into an alarming public health concern. Across cities and rural communities alike, men and women are adopting extreme and unsafe methods to shed kilogrammes quickly, often driven by social media trends, celebrity culture, and deeply rooted societal expectations. The beauty ideal has become narrower, more Westernised, and unforgiving, causing many to chase an often unattainable version of “slimness”. As a result, dangerous practices such as unregulated drug use, prolonged fasting, extreme calorie restriction, cosmetic surgery tourism, and consumption of herbal concoctions have become widespread. Body image perception in Nigeria has evolved rapidly. Where once fuller bodies were celebrated as symbols of wealth, fertility, and health, today’s beauty standards, fuelled by social media influencers, Nollywood celebrities, and Western media, place a premium on slimness. Terms like “snatched waist,” “figure 8,” and “slim thick” have become aspirational labels, encouraging people to conform at any cost. According to a 2023 study by the Nigerian Institute for Health and Human Behaviour, over 68 per cent of urban Nigerian women aged 18–35 reported dissatisfaction with their bodies, citing social media as the top influence.   The rise of diet pills and slimming teas Weight loss pills and teas are among the most common and accessible methods for fast-track weight loss. These products, mostly unregulated and sold via social media vendors, promise quick results without exercise or dieting. However, many contain banned substances like sibutramine, which has been linked to heart complications. In March 2024, a 24-year-old Lagos-based influencer was hospitalised after collapsing at a photoshoot. Doctors later traced her condition to a toxic weight loss supplement imported from Asia. The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control has struggled to stem the influx of these products due to porous borders and a booming underground market. During the course of this story, our correspondent saw several social media vendors advertising various weight loss products. Ranging from teas and herbal mixtures to ointment and pills, these vendors promise fast results. One promised that the results would be ‘massively visible in only three days’. Experts have noted that weight loss is gradual and cannot be sustained over a few days’ plan of consuming untested, unlabelled concoctions.   Prolonged fasting, starvation diets The intersection of religion and weight loss has also produced some troubling behaviours. Prolonged fasting, often inspired by spiritual goals, is increasingly co-opted as a weight loss method. In one such case, a 32-year-old banker in Enugu reportedly engaged in a 40-day dry fast for “spiritual and weight loss purposes” and collapsed on day 28. Starvation diets promoted by self-styled wellness coaches can deprive the body of essential nutrients, leading to anaemia, hormonal imbalance, and organ damage. An auditor with one of the big four corporations, who chose to be identified as Eden for personal reasons, told our correspondent that he had gone on a 19-day water fast, consuming only table water for the period. “On Day 19, my eyes went completely blank, and I fainted at work. When I woke up, I was in the hospital, and the doctors said I lacked several macro and micro nutrients. When he asked if I was eating, I opened up to him that I was on a weight loss journey,” Eden said. According to Eden, the doctor was shocked as he was only 78 kilogrammes and was over 6 feet tall. “The thing is, my ex-girlfriend told me that I had a big stomach, and I wanted to change that, so I read somewhere that if I fasted continuously for 30 days, the stomach would go inside. “Did it work? Honestly, I don’t know but I knew that I was lacking energy and couldn’t sleep, and my entire body changed. I just knew it was not sustainable,” he said. A registered dietician and nutritionist, Emmanuel Udoh, had stressed that intermittent fasting could be done with the guidance of an expert, but that prolonged hunger strike could have long-term consequences. “Our bodies need these nutrients. I know that fasting has its own benefits, but it should be done with guidance and utmost care. Going for prolonged days without any medical advice can cause serious harm to the body,” he said. Udoh advised anyone who wanted to lose weight sustainably and maintain a leaner frame to visit a hospital and speak to a nutritionist for a meal plan that would work for their body type, considering all factors, including health risks and medical history.   Unsafe herbal mixtures, concoctions Locally brewed herbal mixtures, or “agbo,” are widely consumed for weight loss. While some herbs have medicinal value, most agbo formulations are unregulated, with unknown ingredients and dosages. Vendors often mix diuretics and laxatives, creating a toxic cocktail that can cause severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and kidney failure. In Kano, a 2022 study found that 41 per cent of women aged 18 to 40 had consumed at least one herbal product for weight loss in the past year.   Laxative abuse, colon cleansing The misuse of laxatives as a weight loss tool is another growing concern. Social media influencers frequently recommend “detox” routines that include excessive laxative use. Medical professionals warn that such abuse leads to chronic constipation, dependency, and damage to the digestive tract. Colon cleansing kits are also popular despite little scientific backing. A University of Ibadan study in 2023 found that 25 per cent of university students had used some form of colon cleansing to lose weight.   Excessive exercise, gym dependency While exercise is a healthy part of any weight management plan, compulsive exercising without rest or nutritional support can do more harm than good. Gym culture in cities like Lagos and Abuja has become increasingly competitive. Personal trainers with no formal education in physiology often push clients beyond safe limits. Overtraining syndrome, characterised by insomnia, fatigue, mood swings, and hormonal dysfunction, is on the rise. In 2023, the Lagos University Teaching Hospital reported a 32 per cent increase in exercise-induced hospital admissions over the past five years.   Mental health, eating disorders, stigma The conversation around weight loss in Nigeria rarely includes mental health. Eating disorders such as anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating, previously thought to be rare in African populations, are now being diagnosed with growing frequency. Cultural silence and stigma make it difficult for sufferers to seek help. A 2022 survey by the Nigerian Psychological Society showed that less than 10 per cent of respondents had ever heard of bulimia nervosa. Those struggling with weight-related anxiety and body dysmorphia often mask their symptoms, increasing the risk of psychological breakdowns.   Liposuction and BBLs Cosmetic surgery clinics have mushroomed across Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt, driven by demand for procedures such as liposuction and Brazilian Butt Lifts, popularly known as BBLs. Though some of these centres are reputable, others are poorly equipped and staffed by underqualified personnel. The tragic death of a 29-year-old woman in July 2023 after a botched BBL in Lekki sparked nationwide debate. Her death was one of at least 14 linked to cosmetic surgery complications between 2021 and 2024, according to a report by the Nigerian Association of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgeons. The lack of regulatory oversight, coupled with patients’ desperation and secrecy, contributes to an environment where profit trumps safety.   The price of perfection Many Nigerians are spending beyond their means to attain the ideal body. From N15,000 slimming teas to N3m cosmetic procedures, the financial toll can be staggering. Some borrow or enter exploitative relationships to fund their weight loss journeys. An investigation by a leading Nigerian newspaper in 2023 found that one in seven young women in Lagos had taken out a loan to fund a beauty-enhancing procedure or product. The pressure to meet beauty standards is fuelling economic decisions that jeopardise long-term well-being.   Regulatory silence? Regulators have been slow to catch up. NAFDAC has warned against some weight loss products, but prosecutions are few. Influencers operate unchecked, peddling unverified products with zero consequences. Hospitals are seeing more botched procedures, but a culture of shame and secrecy keeps stories buried. Society, too, bears guilt. Fatphobia is rampant. From classrooms to boardrooms, comments like “You’ve added o!” are not just frequent, they are expected. For many Nigerian women, weight is a constant, public negotiation of value. Men, though often overlooked in the conversation, are not spared. Gym culture, steroid abuse, and male fasting trends are on the rise, albeit in less documented terms. NAFDAC’s Director-General, Prof. Mojisola Adeyeye, in a statement, warned Nigerians to always check for the agency’s unique number on a product before patronising any vendor. She also warned that anyone caught selling untested and undocumented products would be met with stiff sanctions and face the long arm of the law.   Safer, healthier alternatives Medical consensus remains clear: sustainable weight loss must be gradual, balanced, and behaviour-focused. The National Institutes of Health advises a daily caloric deficit of 500 to 1,000 kcal as a safe and effective strategy. This typically translates to a loss of 0.5 to 1 kilogramme per week. A key aspect of this is consistent physical activity. The Guardian UK highlights a study recommending at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise weekly, with additional strength training, to reduce body fat and support long-term weight management. A public health expert in Abuja, Abubakar Bello, suggests integrating local, affordable foods into nutrition plans. “Nigerian diets are naturally rich in fibre, legumes, vegetables, and lean proteins. If prepared healthily, our local dishes can actually support a very effective weight loss journey,” he said. Udoh also warned of overeating. He said, “The problem with people who gain weight is that most of them overeat. There are hormonal and genetic issues, but most of the problems are that Nigerians consume too much processed sugar, especially in liquid forms, and we also have the tendency to binge-eat and eat at very odd hours.” Experts also encourage mental wellness as part of the solution. Behavioural therapy, food journaling, group support, and goal-setting are all proven tools to help individuals make mindful, lasting changes. Some even advocate intuitive eating and the ‘Health at Every Size’ approach, which shifts focus from appearance to overall well-being. The dangers of unhealthy weight loss practices are not limited to the individual. These habits can contribute to a wider national crisis of disordered eating, malnutrition, rising non-communicable diseases, and poor mental health. Public health officials are urging stronger regulation of slimming products, clearer labelling, and nationwide health education campaigns. A 2024 report from the WHO posits that while new pharmacological tools (like GLP-1 receptor agonists) show promise, they must be integrated responsibly within a broader system of care and not marketed as silver bullets.